研究全病毒、基于蛋白质和基于载体的新冠病毒疫苗对新冠病毒感染率、住院率和死亡率的有效性：伊朗的一项历史性队列研究。

Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran.

作者信息

Tanbakuchi Davoud, Razavizadeh Nadiasadat Taghavi, Salari Maryam, Farkhani Ehsan Mosa, Shakeri Mohammad Taghi, Tabatabaee Seyed Saeed, Raesi Rasoul, Ghavami Vahid

机构信息

Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

出版信息

BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 9;25(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10449-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12879-025-10449-w

PMID:39789435

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11721232/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Each of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has its characteristics that can affect their effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and patient mortality. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, including whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based on COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality.

METHODS

The current cohort study was conducted using the data of all people who received at least two doses of each type of COVID-19 vaccine from March 2020 to August 2022 in Khorasan Rzavi province. Quantitative data were characterized using measures of central tendency and dispersion, while the risks of infection, hospitalization, and mortality were assessed for each type of vaccine. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the effect of various vaccine types on infection rate, hospitalization, and mortality while adjusting for other independent variables.

RESULTS

In this study, over 2 million vaccinated individuals had received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Whole-virus vaccines, which had an infection rate of 3%, a hospitalization rate of 1.4%, and a mortality rate of 0.2%, were the most effective vaccines. The study also identified several factors associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality, including kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory issues, age, sex, diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, fever, chills, body mass index (BMI), and the type of vaccine.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the substantial impact of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates in Iran. The results support the use of whole-virus and vector-based vaccines as more effective options for preventing COVID-19 outcomes. The study also emphasizes the importance of considering various factors, including medical history and side effects, when evaluating the effectiveness of different vaccine types. The findings of this study can inform public health policy and vaccination strategies in Iran and other countries.

摘要

背景

2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的每种疫苗都有其特性，这些特性可能会影响其预防住院和患者死亡的效果。本研究旨在确定COVID-19疫苗，包括全病毒疫苗、基于蛋白质的疫苗和基于载体的疫苗，对COVID-19感染、住院和死亡的有效性。

方法

本队列研究使用了2020年3月至2022年8月在呼罗珊拉扎维省接受至少两剂每种类型COVID-19疫苗的所有人的数据。定量数据采用集中趋势和离散度测量进行表征，同时评估每种疫苗的感染、住院和死亡风险。采用逻辑回归评估不同类型疫苗对感染率、住院率和死亡率的影响，同时对其他自变量进行调整。

结果

在本研究中，超过200万接种疫苗的个体接受了至少两剂COVID-19疫苗。全病毒疫苗是最有效的疫苗，其感染率为3%，住院率为1.4%，死亡率为0.2%。该研究还确定了几个与COVID-19感染、住院和死亡风险增加相关的因素，包括肾脏疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸问题、年龄、性别、糖尿病、嗅觉功能障碍、发热、寒战、体重指数（BMI）和疫苗类型。

结论

本研究强调了COVID-19疫苗接种对降低伊朗感染、住院和死亡率的重大影响。结果支持使用全病毒疫苗和基于载体的疫苗作为预防COVID-19结局的更有效选择。该研究还强调了在评估不同疫苗类型的有效性时考虑各种因素的重要性，包括病史和副作用。本研究的结果可为伊朗和其他国家的公共卫生政策和疫苗接种策略提供参考。