Gillett Jenna L, Rakhimov Arman, Karadag Paige, Themelis Kristy, Ji Chen, Tang Nicole Ky
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
International School of Economics, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Br J Pain. 2025 Jan 7:20494637241312070. doi: 10.1177/20494637241312070.
Validate the English version of the (SCS-SF) as a reliable measure in chronic pain. Explore self-compassion's relationship with pain-related outcomes.
A total of 240 chronic pain patients (at 6-months) and 256 community participants (at 12-months) completed two prospective survey studies. SCS-SF psychometric properties were evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), test-retest reliability (Pearson's r) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) in both samples. Convergent validity/clinical relevance was assessed in the chronic pain sample via univariate linear regressions between self-compassion and pain intensity, interference, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression.
The SCS-SF showed acceptable internal consistency in both samples (α > 0.70, range = 0.74-0.79), high test-retest reliability over 6-months in the pain sample (r = 0.81, < .001) and sub-threshold over 12-months in the community (r = 0.59 < .001). EFA revealed a two-factor model distinguishing compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding in both samples. CFA identified a one-factor and two-factor model in both samples, but it did not meet statistical thresholds. ESEM identified the best fit for the chronic pain group was for a two-factor model (RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08; CFI and TLI > 0.90), whereas no models met acceptable fit criteria in the community group. A two-bifactor Bayesian model had suitable fit in both groups. In the chronic pain sample, SCS-SF and compassionate self-responding negatively predicted pain intensity, interference, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and positively predicted self-efficacy over 6-months. Uncompassionate self-responding positively predicted anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and negatively predicted self-efficacy but did not predict pain outcomes.
The SCS-SF is a reliable and valid measure in chronic pain. Total and sub-factor scores appear to have distinct relationships with pain outcomes. Future research should consider self-compassion as a unitary and/or bifactorial (consisting of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding) construct in chronic pain when measured using the SCS-SF.
验证英文版的（自我同情量表简版，SCS - SF）作为慢性疼痛可靠测量工具的有效性。探究自我同情与疼痛相关结果之间的关系。
共有240名慢性疼痛患者（6个月时）和256名社区参与者（12个月时）完成了两项前瞻性调查研究。通过探索性和验证性因素分析（EFA和CFA）、探索性结构方程建模（ESEM）、重测信度（皮尔逊r）和内部一致性（克朗巴哈α）对两个样本中的SCS - SF心理测量特性进行评估。通过自我同情与疼痛强度、干扰、灾难化、自我效能、焦虑和抑郁之间的单变量线性回归，在慢性疼痛样本中评估收敛效度/临床相关性。
SCS - SF在两个样本中均显示出可接受的内部一致性（α>0.70，范围 = 0.74 - 0.79），在疼痛样本中6个月的重测信度较高（r = 0.81，p <.001），在社区样本中12个月的重测信度低于阈值（r = 0.59，p <.001）。EFA在两个样本中均揭示了一个区分同情和不同情自我反应的双因素模型。CFA在两个样本中均识别出一个单因素和双因素模型，但未达到统计阈值。ESEM确定慢性疼痛组最适合的是双因素模型（RMSEA和SRMR < 0.08；CFI和TLI > 0.90），而社区组中没有模型符合可接受的拟合标准。一个双因素贝叶斯模型在两组中均具有合适的拟合度。在慢性疼痛样本中，SCS - SF和同情自我反应在6个月内对疼痛强度、干扰、焦虑、抑郁、灾难化具有负向预测作用，对自我效能具有正向预测作用。不同情自我反应对焦虑、抑郁、灾难化具有正向预测作用，对自我效能具有负向预测作用，但对疼痛结果没有预测作用。
SCS - SF是慢性疼痛中一种可靠且有效的测量工具。总分和子因素得分似乎与疼痛结果有不同的关系。未来研究在使用SCS - SF测量慢性疼痛时，应将自我同情视为一个单一和/或双因素（由同情和不同情自我反应组成）的结构。
