Saeung Manop, Jupatanakul Natapong, Afelt Aneta, Suksirisawat Kittitat, Lhaosudto Suthat, Ahebwa Alex, Hii Jeffrey, Manguin Sylvie, Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Acta Trop. 2025 Mar;263:107545. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107545. Epub 2025 Feb 9.
The international borders of Thailand are well recognized as areas with high malaria transmission risk. Although Sisaket Province, bordering Cambodia, is recognized as a malaria-prone area, major progress towards malaria elimination has been made. In fact, this province was ranked as having high malaria incidence in Thailand decades ago, increasing its potential for malaria re-establishment. To devise a re-establishment strategy, this work investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of Anopheles and examined the malariogenic potential of villages in Sisaket Province. Human landing catches (HLCs) were recorded to collect adult mosquitoes from village and rubber-forest ecotypes between 18.00 and 06.00 h. The collection was conducted for two years based on four consecutive nights per season in the rainy, cool-dry, and hot-dry seasons during July 2022-March 2024, for a total of 24 nights. Based on the results, Anopheles dirus s.s. was the primary malaria vector and predominant in the rubber-forest areas, where positive larval habitats were found. Its biting peaks were observed between 21.00 and 22.00 h across seasons and years. The abundance of An. dirus was correlated positively with the amount of rainfall at two months (R = 0.89) and three months (R = 0.95) after the rainfall. Therefore, public health interventions to prevent outdoor biting should target rubber tappers and forest-goers two-three months after the rainy season. In addition, risk assessment of malaria re-establishment suggested a high potential based on the malariogenic potential scores. Thus, ongoing action is important to control any re-establishment to achieve sustainable malaria elimination in Sisaket Province.
泰国的国际边境地区被公认为疟疾传播风险高的区域。尽管与柬埔寨接壤的四色菊省被视为疟疾高发地区，但在疟疾消除方面已取得重大进展。事实上，几十年前该省在泰国的疟疾发病率很高，这增加了疟疾重新流行的可能性。为了制定重新流行的应对策略，本研究调查了按蚊的时空动态，并评估了四色菊省各村的疟疾传播潜力。通过人饵诱捕法（HLC）在18:00至06:00收集村庄和橡胶林生态型中的成年蚊子。在2022年7月至2024年3月期间，在雨季（rainy）、凉干季（cool-dry）和干热季（hot-dry），每个季节连续四个晚上，共进行了两年的收集，总计24个晚上。结果显示，大劣按蚊指名亚种（Anopheles dirus s.s.）是主要的疟疾传播媒介，在发现阳性幼虫栖息地的橡胶林地区占主导地位。其叮咬高峰在各季节和年份的21:00至22:00之间出现。大劣按蚊的数量与降雨后两个月（R = 0.89）和三个月（R = 0.95）的降雨量呈正相关。因此，预防户外叮咬的公共卫生干预措施应针对雨季过后两到三个月的橡胶采集工人和森林作业人员。此外，基于疟疾传播潜力得分的疟疾重新流行风险评估表明可能性很高。因此，持续采取行动对于控制疟疾重新流行以在四色菊省实现可持续的疟疾消除至关重要。
