Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
Malar J. 2023 Sep 11;22(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s12936-023-04696-y.
Malaria was once widespread in Guangzhou, China. However, a series of control measures have succeeded in eliminating local malaria infections. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of malaria epidemics in Guangzhou, China, from 1950 to 2022, the changes and effectiveness of malaria control strategies and surveillance management in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2022 are described.
Data on malaria prevention and treatment in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2022 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyse the prevalence of malaria, preventive and control measures taken, and the effectiveness of prevention and treatment in different periods. Data on malaria cases were obtained from the Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the China Communicable Disease Reporting System.
The development of the malaria control system in Guangzhou has gone through four periods: 1. High malaria prevalence (1950-1979), 2. Intensive prevention and control stage (1980-2000), 3. Consolidating gains in malaria control (2001-2008), and 4. Preventing reestablishment of transmission (2009-2022). During Period 1, only medical institutions at all levels and the local CDCs, the Guangzhou CDC participated in the malaria prevention and control system, establishing a three-tier health system on malaria prevention and control. During Period 2, other types of organizations, including the agricultural sector, schools and village committees, the construction department and street committee, are involved in the malaria control system. During Period 3, more and more organizations are joining forces to prevent and control malaria. A well-established multisectoral malaria control mechanism and an improved post-elimination surveillance management system are in place. Between 1950 and 2022, a total of 420,670 cases of malaria were reported. During Period 1, there was an epidemic of malaria in the early 1950s, with an annual incidence rate of more than 10,000/100,000, including a high rate of 2887.98/100,000 in 1954. In Period 2 malaria was gradually brought under control, with the average annual malaria incidence rate dropping to 3.14/100,000. During Period 3, the incidence rate was kept below 1/100,000, and by 2009 local malaria infections were eliminated.
For decades, Guangzhou has adopted different malaria control strategies and measures at different epidemic stages. Increased collaboration among civil organizations in Guangzhou in malaria control has led to a significant decline in the number of malaria cases and the elimination of indigenous malaria infections by 2009.The experience of Guangzhou can guide the development of malaria control strategies in other cities experiencing similar malaria epidemics.
疟疾曾在中国广州广泛流行。然而，一系列控制措施成功消除了当地的疟疾感染。本研究基于对 1950 年至 2022 年广州疟疾流行特征的分析，描述了 1950 年至 2022 年广州疟疾防控策略和监测管理的变化和效果。
收集了 1950 年至 2022 年广州疟疾防治数据，采用描述性流行病学方法分析不同时期的疟疾流行率、采取的预防和控制措施以及预防和治疗的效果。疟疾病例数据来自广州市疾病预防控制中心（CDC）和中国传染病报告系统。
广州的疟疾控制体系发展经历了四个阶段：1. 高疟疾流行期（1950-1979 年）；2. 强化防控阶段（1980-2000 年）；3. 巩固疟疾防控成果阶段（2001-2008 年）；4. 防止传播重新建立阶段（2009-2022 年）。在第 1 阶段，只有各级医疗机构和当地 CDC、广州市 CDC 参与疟疾防控体系，建立了三级疟疾防控卫生系统。在第 2 阶段，农业部门、学校和村委会、建设部门和街道委员会等其他类型的组织也参与了疟疾控制体系。在第 3 阶段，越来越多的组织正在联合起来预防和控制疟疾。一个完善的多部门疟疾控制机制和改进的消除后监测管理系统已经到位。1950 年至 2022 年期间，共报告疟疾病例 420670 例。在第 1 阶段，20 世纪 50 年代初曾发生疟疾流行，年发病率超过 10000/10 万，其中 1954 年发病率高达 2887.98/10 万。在第 2 阶段，疟疾逐渐得到控制，年平均发病率降至 3.14/10 万。在第 3 阶段，发病率保持在 1/10 万以下，到 2009 年当地疟疾感染已被消除。
几十年来，广州在不同的流行阶段采取了不同的疟疾控制策略和措施。广州民间组织在疟疾控制方面的合作不断加强，导致疟疾病例数量显著下降，并于 2009 年消除了本地疟疾感染。广州的经验可以为其他经历类似疟疾流行的城市制定疟疾控制策略提供指导。
