Asghar Waleed, Craven Kelly D, Swenson Jacob R, Kataoka Ryota, Mahmood Ahmad, Farias Júlia Gomes
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 26;26(1):109. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010109.
As farming practices evolve and climate conditions shift, achieving sustainable food production for a growing global population requires innovative strategies to optimize environmentally friendly practices and minimize ecological impacts. Agroecosystems, which integrate agricultural practices with the surrounding environment, play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring food security. Rhizosphere management has emerged as a pivotal approach to enhancing crop yields, reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers, and supporting sustainable agriculture. The rhizosphere, a dynamic zone surrounding plant roots, hosts intense microbial activity fueled by root exudates. These exudates, along with practices such as green manure application and intercropping, significantly influence the soil's microbial community structure. Beneficial plant-associated microbes, including spp., spp., spp., and spp., play a crucial role in improving nutrient cycling and promoting plant health, yet their interactions within the rhizosphere remain inadequately understood. This review explores how integrating beneficial microbes, green manures, and intercropping enhances rhizosphere processes to rebuild microbial communities, sequester carbon, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These practices not only contribute to maintaining soil health but also foster positive plant-microbe-rhizosphere interactions that benefit entire ecosystems. By implementing such strategies alongside sound policy measures, sustainable cropping systems can be developed to address predicted climate challenges. Strengthening agroecosystem resilience through improved rhizosphere processes is essential for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability in the future. In conclusion, using these rhizosphere-driven processes, we could develop more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems that ensure food security and environmental preservation amidst changing climate situations.
随着农业实践的演变和气候条件的变化，为不断增长的全球人口实现可持续粮食生产需要创新战略，以优化环境友好型实践并将生态影响降至最低。将农业实践与周边环境相结合的农业生态系统在维持生态平衡和确保粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。根际管理已成为提高作物产量、减少对合成肥料的依赖以及支持可持续农业的关键方法。根际是植物根系周围的一个动态区域，由根系分泌物驱动着活跃的微生物活动。这些分泌物，连同绿肥施用和间作等实践，显著影响土壤的微生物群落结构。有益的植物相关微生物，包括 spp.、 spp.、 spp. 和 spp.，在改善养分循环和促进植物健康方面发挥着关键作用，但其在根际内的相互作用仍未得到充分理解。本综述探讨了整合有益微生物、绿肥和间作如何增强根际过程，以重建微生物群落、固碳并减少温室气体排放。这些实践不仅有助于维持土壤健康，还能促进有益的植物 - 微生物 - 根际相互作用，使整个生态系统受益。通过与合理的政策措施一起实施这些战略，可以开发可持续种植系统来应对预测的气候挑战。通过改善根际过程增强农业生态系统的恢复力对于确保未来的粮食安全和环境可持续性至关重要。总之，利用这些由根际驱动的过程，我们可以开发出更具可持续性和恢复力的农业系统，在气候变化的情况下确保粮食安全和环境保护。
