Krivošija Slađana, Nastić Nataša, Karadžić Banjac Milica, Kovačević Strahinja, Podunavac-Kuzmanović Sanja, Vidović Senka
Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Boulevard cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Foods. 2025 Jan 2;14(1):107. doi: 10.3390/foods14010107.
Mushrooms are a raw material rich in many nutritional compounds, and that is why a number of them are widely known as functional food. They contain fatty acids, carbohydrates, lycopene, sterols, lovastatin, trace elements, and other valuable compounds that show a wide range of properties, such as hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiviral, etc. For more efficient utilisation of mushrooms' biologically active substances, widespread supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (Sc-CO) was used as an efficient way to isolate the high-value phytoconstituents from this type of raw material. Using Sc-CO, the extracts of five types of edible mushrooms-, , , and -were obtained. During the Sc-CO process, the extraction time was reduced to 4 h compared to the prolonged process time applied in the typical traditional techniques (6-24 h). The extraction pressure (30 MPa) and temperature (40 °C) were constant. Fatty acids and the compounds of steroid structures were determined in the obtained extracts using GC-MS and GC-FID methods of analysis. The dominant compounds identified in the lipid extracts were fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic) and sterols (ergosterol, 7,22-ergostadienone and 7,22-ergostadienol). For complete insight into the process and to obtain the value of the extracts, chemometric analysis is provided. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), as well as k-means clustering, showed that was distinguished based on the extraction yield results.
蘑菇是一种富含多种营养化合物的原材料，这就是为什么其中一些蘑菇被广泛认为是功能性食品。它们含有脂肪酸、碳水化合物、番茄红素、甾醇、洛伐他汀、微量元素和其他具有广泛特性的有价值化合物，如保肝、抗癌、抗病毒等。为了更有效地利用蘑菇中的生物活性物质，广泛采用超临界二氧化碳萃取（Sc-CO）作为从这类原材料中分离高价值植物成分的有效方法。使用Sc-CO，获得了五种可食用蘑菇（此处原文缺失蘑菇种类具体名称）的提取物。在Sc-CO过程中，与典型传统技术中较长的处理时间（6 - 24小时）相比，萃取时间缩短至4小时。萃取压力（30兆帕）和温度（40℃）保持恒定。使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC-MS）和气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测（GC-FID）分析方法测定所得提取物中的脂肪酸和类固醇结构化合物。在脂质提取物中鉴定出的主要化合物为脂肪酸（亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸）和甾醇（麦角甾醇、7,22 - 麦角二烯酮和7,22 - 麦角二烯醇）。为了全面了解该过程并获得提取物的价值，进行了化学计量分析。主成分分析（PCA）、层次聚类分析（HCA）以及k均值聚类分析表明，根据萃取产率结果，（此处原文缺失具体指代内容）是有区别的。
