Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 14;27(6):1880. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061880.
Triterpenoids are among the bioactive components of Chaga, the sterile conk of the medicinal fungus . Supercritical fluid extraction of Chaga triterpenoids was carried out with supercritical CO, while a modified Folch method was used as a comparison. Three temperature-pressure combinations were tested varying between 314-324 K (40-50 °C) and 281-350 bars, using time- and volume-limited extractions. Six triterpenoids were identified with GC-MS and quantified with GC-FID: ergosterol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, betulin, and inotodiol. The Folch extraction resulted in recovery of trametenolic acid, which was not extracted by supercritical CO. Inotodiol was the major triterpenoid of all the extracts, with a yield of 87-101 mg/100 g and 139 mg/100 g, for SFEs and the Folch method, respectively. The contents of other major triterpenoids, lanosterol and ergosterol, varied in the ranges 59-63 mg/100 g and 17-18 mg/100 g by SFE, respectively. With the Folch method, the yields were 81 mg/100 g and 40 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest recovery of triterpenoids with SFE in relation to Folch was 56% and it was obtained at 324 K (50 °C) and 350 bar, regardless of extraction time or volume of CO. The recoveries of lanosterol and stigmastanol were unaffected by SFE conditions. Despite the lower yield, SFE showed several advantages including shorter extraction time and less impact on the environment. This work could be a starting point for further studies on green extraction methods of bioactive triterpenoids from Chaga.
三萜类化合物是药用真菌桦褐孔菌无菌菌核的生物活性成分之一。采用超临界 CO2 对桦褐孔菌三萜类化合物进行了超临界萃取，同时采用改良的 Folch 法作为比较。在 314-324 K（40-50°C）和 281-350 bar 之间测试了三种温度-压力组合，采用时间和体积限制萃取。使用 GC-MS 鉴定了六种三萜类化合物，并使用 GC-FID 定量：麦角甾醇、羊毛甾醇、β-谷甾醇、豆甾烷醇、桦木醇和桦木酸。Folch 提取法回收了超临界 CO 无法提取的齿孔酸。所有提取物中，桦木酸的含量最高，超临界 CO2 萃取法和 Folch 法的收率分别为 87-101 mg/100 g 和 139 mg/100 g。其他主要三萜类化合物羊毛甾醇和麦角甾醇的含量分别为 59-63 mg/100 g 和 17-18 mg/100 g。采用 Folch 法，收率分别为 81 mg/100 g 和 40 mg/100 g。超临界 CO2 萃取法相对于 Folch 法的三萜类化合物回收率最高为 56%，在 324 K（50°C）和 350 bar 下获得，无论 CO 萃取时间或体积如何。超临界 CO2 萃取条件对羊毛甾醇和豆甾烷醇的回收率没有影响。尽管收率较低，但超临界 CO2 萃取法具有萃取时间短、对环境影响小等优点。这项工作可以为进一步研究桦褐孔菌生物活性三萜类化合物的绿色提取方法提供起点。
