Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Cardiovasc Res. 2024 May 29;120(7):708-722. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvae061.
Probiotics with high bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity have shown to promote cardiovascular health. However, their mechanism(s) of action remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a pilot exploratory study to investigate effects of a 4-week intervention with escalating doses of a BSH-active formula containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains KABP011, KABP012, and KABP013 on bile acid (BA), lipid profile, and lipoprotein function.
Healthy overweight individuals were included in this study. The probiotic intake was associated with a progressive decrease of conjugated BAs in serum, due to the reduction of tauro- and glyco-conjugated forms. Plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor-19 were significantly reduced and correlated with BA changes. The probiotic induced significant changes in serum lipids, with reduction in non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDLc) and LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels. The largest decrease was evidenced in the subgroup with higher baseline LDLc levels (LDLc > 130 mg/dL). Fasting levels of circulating apolipoprotein(Apo) B100 and ApoB48 were significantly reduced. Importantly, the decrease in non-HDLc levels was associated with a significant reduction in small LDL particles. Functional testing indicated that LDL particles had a significantly lower susceptibility to oxidation, while HDL particles gained antioxidant capacity after the probiotic intake. The microbiota profile in faeces collected at the end of the study was enriched with members of class Desulfovibrio, a taurine-consuming bacteria, likely because of the increase in free taurine in the gut due to the BSH activity of the probiotic.
The intervention with L. plantarum strains induces beneficial effects on BA signature and lipoprotein profile. It reduces ApoB and small LDL levels and LDL susceptibility to oxidation and increases HDL antioxidant capacity. These metabolic profile changes suggest increased protection against atherosclerotic disease.
具有高胆盐水解酶（BSH）活性的益生菌已被证明可促进心血管健康。然而，其作用机制仍知之甚少。在这里，我们进行了一项探索性的初步研究，以调查含有植物乳杆菌 KABP011、KABP012 和 KABP013 菌株的 BSH 活性配方连续 4 周干预对胆汁酸（BA）、脂质谱和脂蛋白功能的影响。
本研究纳入了健康超重个体。益生菌的摄入与血清中结合型 BA 的逐渐减少有关，这是由于牛磺酸和甘氨酸结合物的减少。成纤维细胞生长因子-19 的血浆水平显著降低，并与 BA 变化相关。益生菌引起了血清脂质的显著变化，降低了非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（非 HDLc）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLc）水平。在基线 LDLc 水平较高（LDLc > 130mg/dL）的亚组中，降幅最大。循环载脂蛋白（Apo）B100 和 ApoB48 的空腹水平显著降低。重要的是，非 HDLc 水平的降低与小 LDL 颗粒的显著减少相关。功能测试表明，LDL 颗粒的氧化易感性显著降低，而 HDL 颗粒在摄入益生菌后获得了抗氧化能力。研究结束时收集的粪便微生物群谱中富含 Desulfovibrio 属成员，这是一种牛磺酸消耗细菌，可能是由于肠道中游离牛磺酸增加，这是由于益生菌的 BSH 活性所致。
摄入植物乳杆菌菌株可对 BA 特征和脂蛋白谱产生有益影响。它降低了 ApoB 和小 LDL 水平以及 LDL 的氧化易感性，并增加了 HDL 的抗氧化能力。这些代谢谱变化表明对动脉粥样硬化疾病的保护作用增加。
