de Sá Leitão Cauã Viana Fernandes, Moraes Bernardo de Faria, Leite Gabriel André Pedral Diniz, Duarte Amanda Gonçalves, da Silva Marcos Vinícius Gonçalves, de Oliveira Gabriel Moraes, Andrade Fernando Augusto Barcelos, da Silva Jair Antônio Bessa, Dos Santos Renata Campos Correa, Figueiredo Gustavo Soares, Campos Helton Oliveira, Leite Laura Hora Rios, Drummond Lucas Rios, Coimbra Cândido Celso
Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Feb;104:102655. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102655. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which there is slow and gradual impairment of mental function. Considering the increase in cases due to population aging, the potential benefits of physical training in AD are of great importance and need further elucidation. This study aims to identify the impact of physical training on crucial aspects of AD such as cognitive status, physical performances, quality of life and activities of daily living. The bibliographic research was conducted according to the guidelines outlined in PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). After the selection process, 26 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical training for up to 12 weeks had a moderate effect on the cognitive status (SMD: 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.07-0.61; p = 0.016), the physical performance (SMD: 0.75; 95 % CI: 0.43-1.06; p = 0.000) and the quality of life (SMD: 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.17-0.63; p = 0.567) of patients with AD, but did not affect their daily living activities (SMD: -0.10; 95 % CI: -0.31-0.12; p = 0.621). Physical training lasting from 16 to 24 weeks had a moderate effect only on the physical performance (SMD: 0.51; 95 % CI: 0.23-0.79; p = 0.000) of patients. Physical training for up to 12 weeks already leads to gains on the cognition, the physical performance and the quality of life of individuals with AD. Beyond the available evidence on health promotion resulting from physical training, guidelines should be established to define ideal training loads for patients with AD. Specific practical recommendations concerning the types, frequency, intensity or duration of physical exercise that may be the most efficient for ameliorating cognition, physical performance and quality of life of individuals with AD are still unclear.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其精神功能会出现缓慢且逐渐的损害。鉴于人口老龄化导致病例增加，体育锻炼对AD的潜在益处至关重要，需要进一步阐明。本研究旨在确定体育锻炼对AD关键方面的影响，如认知状态、身体表现、生活质量和日常生活活动。文献研究按照PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）中概述的指南进行。经过筛选过程，26项研究被纳入系统评价和荟萃分析。长达12周的体育锻炼对AD患者的认知状态（标准化均数差：0.34；95%可信区间：0.07 - 0.61；p = 0.016）、身体表现（标准化均数差：0.75；95%可信区间：0.43 - 1.06；p = 0.000）和生活质量（标准化均数差：0.40；95%可信区间：0.17 - 0.63；p = 0.567）有中等程度的影响，但对他们的日常生活活动没有影响（标准化均数差： - 0.10；95%可信区间： - 0.31 - 0.12；p = 0.621）。持续16至24周的体育锻炼仅对患者的身体表现有中等程度的影响（标准化均数差：0.51；95%可信区间：0.23 - 0.79；p = 0.000）。长达12周的体育锻炼已能使AD患者在认知、身体表现和生活质量方面有所改善。除了体育锻炼对健康促进的现有证据外，应制定指南来确定AD患者的理想训练负荷。关于可能对改善AD患者认知、身体表现和生活质量最有效的体育锻炼类型、频率、强度或持续时间的具体实用建议仍不明确。
