Strong Zoe Higheagle, McMain Emma M, Frey Karin S, Wong Rachel M, Dai Shenghai, Jin Gan
Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
J Adolesc Res. 2020 Jul;35(4):461-488. doi: 10.1177/0743558419864021. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
Third-party adolescents (those aware of peer conflict as neither aggressors nor victims) can help shape their peers' emotional responses to perceived victimization. Emotion regulation promotes resilience for those who have been victimized, and heightened anger can exacerbate negative outcomes. This study sought to understand how ethnically diverse victimized adolescents described third-party actions that amplified their anger and calmed their emotions-and whether there were gender, racial/ethnic, or school-level patterns. Data were drawn from 264 structured interviews using a multi-method, repeated measures design. Participants were 66 African Americans, 57 European Americans, 64 Mexican Americans, and 77 Native Americans from the Northwest United States. Open- and process-coding identified 16 themes that described third-party actions, and pattern coding provided insight into why particular actions may be perceived as anger-amplifying or calming. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests on action frequencies revealed five actions (e.g., co-ruminating) that were associated with amplifying victims' anger and eight actions (e.g., reassuring) that were associated with calming victims' emotions. Group patterns were examined using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Programs and interventions may draw on these qualitative accounts of victimized adolescents' experiences to illustrate how third-party actions might differentially impact peers during or after aggressive incidents.
第三方青少年（那些既非冲突攻击者也非受害者却知晓同伴冲突的人）能够帮助塑造其同伴对所感受到的受害情况的情绪反应。情绪调节能提升受害者的复原力，而愤怒加剧则会使负面后果恶化。本研究旨在了解不同种族的受害青少年如何描述那些加剧其愤怒或平复其情绪的第三方行为，以及是否存在性别、种族/民族或学校层面的模式。数据来自264次采用多方法、重复测量设计的结构化访谈。参与者包括来自美国西北部的66名非裔美国人、57名欧洲裔美国人、64名墨西哥裔美国人以及77名美国原住民。开放式编码和过程编码确定了描述第三方行为的16个主题，模式编码则深入了解了为何特定行为可能被视为加剧愤怒或平复情绪。对行为频率进行的威尔科克森符号秩检验揭示了五种与加剧受害者愤怒相关的行为（例如，共同反复思考）以及八种与平复受害者情绪相关的行为（例如，安慰）。使用卡方检验和曼-惠特尼检验来研究群体模式。项目和干预措施可以借鉴这些关于受害青少年经历的定性描述，以说明在攻击事件期间或之后第三方行为可能如何对同伴产生不同影响。
