Pranathi Vidya, Koduganti Rekha R, Muthyala Soumya, Kanchanapally Sai Pranavi, Muthyala Nitheeesha, Shingade Vyshnavi
Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 12;16(12):e75618. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75618. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The field of periodontal regeneration focuses on restoring the form and function of periodontal tissues compromised due to diseases affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Biomaterials have emerged as a vital component in periodontal regenerative therapy, offering a variety of properties that enhance cellular interactions, promote healing, and support tissue reconstruction. This review explores current advances in biomaterials for periodontal regeneration, including ceramics, polymers, and composite scaffolds, and their integration with biological agents like growth factors and stem cells. Specifically, biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass provide scaffolding for cellular adhesion and proliferation, while synthetic and natural polymers offer flexibility and biocompatibility. Growth factors and bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) further support cell differentiation and tissue formation, enhancing clinical outcomes in periodontal defect repair. Moreover, stem cell integration with biomaterials, particularly the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), shows promise for complex tissue regeneration by stimulating targeted healing responses in periodontal tissue. Although clinical results are encouraging, challenges related to the selection of optimal biocompatible and bioactive materials and standardization of clinical protocols remain. This review examines the potential, limitations, and future directions for biomaterial-based strategies, highlighting the evolving role of these materials in achieving predictable and effective periodontal regeneration.
牙周再生领域专注于恢复因影响牙齿支持结构的疾病而受损的牙周组织的形态和功能。生物材料已成为牙周再生治疗的重要组成部分，具有多种特性，可增强细胞相互作用、促进愈合并支持组织重建。本综述探讨了用于牙周再生的生物材料的当前进展，包括陶瓷、聚合物和复合支架，以及它们与生长因子和干细胞等生物制剂的整合。具体而言，羟基磷灰石和生物活性玻璃等生物材料为细胞粘附和增殖提供支架，而合成聚合物和天然聚合物则具有灵活性和生物相容性。生长因子和骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）进一步支持细胞分化和组织形成，提高牙周缺损修复的临床效果。此外，干细胞与生物材料的整合，特别是牙周膜干细胞（PDLSCs）和间充质干细胞（MSCs），通过刺激牙周组织中的靶向愈合反应，有望实现复杂组织再生。尽管临床结果令人鼓舞，但在选择最佳生物相容性和生物活性材料以及临床方案标准化方面仍存在挑战。本综述探讨了基于生物材料的策略的潜力、局限性和未来方向，强调了这些材料在实现可预测和有效的牙周再生方面不断演变的作用。
