Kermavnar Tjaša, Guttridge Callum, Mulcahy Niall J, Duffy Ed, Twomey Feargal, O'Sullivan Leonard
Health Research Institute, School of Design, and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Deparment of Palliative Medicine, Milford Care Centre Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2024 Dec 19;14(e3):e2244-e2253. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003196.
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) enables the production of highly customised, cost-efficient devices in a relatively short time, which can be particularly valuable to clinicians treating patients with palliative care intent who are in need of timely and effective solutions in the management of their patients' specific needs, including the relief of distressing symptoms.
Four online databases were searched for articles published by December 2020 that described studies using 3DP in palliative care. The fields of application, and the relevant clinical and technological data were extracted and analysed.
Thirty studies were reviewed, describing 36 medical devices, including anatomical models, endoluminal stents, navigation guides, obturators, epitheses, endoprostheses and others. Two-thirds of the studies were published after the year 2017. The main reason for using 3DP was the difficulty of producing customised devices with traditional methods. Eleven papers described proof-of-concept studies that did not involve human testing. For those devices that were tested on patients, favourable clinical outcomes were reported in general, and treatment with the use of 3DP was deemed superior to conventional clinical approaches. The most commonly employed 3DP technologies were fused filament fabrication with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and stereolithography or material jetting with various types of photopolymer resin.
Recently, there has been a considerable increase in the application of 3DP to produce medical devices and bespoke solutions in the delivery of treatments with palliative care intent. 3DP was found successful in overcoming difficulties with conventional approaches and in treating medical conditions requiring highly customised solutions.
三维打印（3DP）能够在相对较短的时间内生产高度定制、成本效益高的设备，这对于旨在为姑息治疗患者提供及时有效解决方案以满足其特定需求（包括缓解痛苦症状）的临床医生而言可能具有特别重要的价值。
检索了四个在线数据库，以查找截至2020年12月发表的描述在姑息治疗中使用3DP的研究文章。提取并分析了应用领域以及相关的临床和技术数据。
共审查了30项研究，描述了36种医疗器械，包括解剖模型、腔内支架、导航导板、闭孔器、假体、内置假体等。三分之二的研究是在2017年之后发表的。使用3DP的主要原因是传统方法难以生产定制设备。11篇论文描述了未涉及人体测试的概念验证研究。对于那些在患者身上进行测试的设备，总体上报告了良好的临床结果，并且认为使用3DP进行治疗优于传统临床方法。最常用的3DP技术是使用丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯的熔融沉积成型以及使用各种类型光聚合物树脂的立体光刻或材料喷射。
最近，3DP在生产医疗器械和提供具有姑息治疗意图的定制解决方案方面的应用有了显著增加。已发现3DP成功克服了传统方法的困难，并能治疗需要高度定制解决方案的病症。
