Park Jinyoung, Akbaba Gulsah Erel, Sharma Nidhi, Das Ritopa, Vinikoor Tra, Liu Yang, Le Duong Quang, Angadi Kishan, Nguyen Thanh Duc
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2025 Jan;113(1):e37871. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37871.
In the human body, bioelectric cues are crucial for tissue stimulation and regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) significantly enhances the regeneration of nerves, bones, cardiovascular tissues, and wounds. However, the use of conventional devices with stimulating metal electrodes is invasive and requires external batteries. Consequently, electrically active materials with excellent biocompatibility have attracted attention for their applications in stimulation and regeneration in tissue engineering. To fully exploit the potential of these materials, biocompatibility, operating mechanisms, electrical properties, and even biodegradability should be carefully considered. In this review, we categorize various electrically active biomaterials based on their mechanisms for generating electrical cues, such as piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, and others. We also summarize the key material properties, including electrical characteristics and biodegradability, and describe their applications in tissue stimulation and regeneration for nerves, musculoskeletal tissues, and cardiovascular tissues. The electrically active biomaterials hold great potential for advancing the field of tissue engineering and their demonstrated success underscores the importance of continued research in this field.
在人体中，生物电信号对于组织刺激和再生至关重要。电刺激（ES）显著增强神经、骨骼、心血管组织和伤口的再生。然而，使用带有刺激金属电极的传统设备具有侵入性且需要外部电池。因此，具有优异生物相容性的电活性材料因其在组织工程中的刺激和再生应用而受到关注。为了充分发挥这些材料的潜力，应仔细考虑生物相容性、作用机制、电学性质甚至生物降解性。在本综述中，我们根据各种电活性生物材料产生电信号的机制对其进行分类，例如压电效应、摩擦电效应等。我们还总结了关键的材料特性，包括电学特性和生物降解性，并描述了它们在神经、肌肉骨骼组织和心血管组织的组织刺激和再生中的应用。电活性生物材料在推进组织工程领域方面具有巨大潜力，并且它们已取得的成功凸显了该领域持续研究的重要性。
