Geise Andrzej, Szczepaniak Małgorzata
Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 14;20(1):e0316325. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316325. eCollection 2025.
Central Eastern European countries (CEEc) are characterized both by huge diversity in income inequality and, on average, by lower levels of well-being than in the other European Union (EU) countries. Given that income inequality may affect well-being negatively, the present study aims to explore the links between income inequalities and different dimensions of well-being in the eight CEEc, i.e. Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The analysis is conducted in the two groups of CEEc regarding low and high inequality in income distribution, namely CEE Continental group and CEE North group (corresponding to post-socialist corporatist and post-socialist liberal, respectively). The multidimensional concept of well-being is applied, enabling deep exploration of its links with income inequalities in the following dimensions: subjective well-being (happiness) and objective well-being (material, health, educational, and environmental dimensions). We estimate the vector autoregression (VAR) models based on annual data disaggregated into quarterly data covering 2004 to 2020. The empirical results of Granger causality testing, which was used to investigate the links between income inequality and multidimensional well-being, indicated that not only are there differences between the groups in the studied patterns of interconnectedness, but also the groups of CEE North and CEE Continental countries are not homogeneous in those links.
中东欧国家(CEEc)的特点是收入不平等差异巨大,且平均而言,其幸福水平低于其他欧盟国家。鉴于收入不平等可能对幸福产生负面影响,本研究旨在探讨八个中东欧国家(即波兰、捷克共和国、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛和爱沙尼亚)收入不平等与幸福不同维度之间的联系。分析针对中东欧国家收入分配不平等程度低和高的两组国家进行,即中东欧大陆组和中东欧北部组(分别对应后社会主义社团主义和后社会主义自由主义)。采用幸福的多维度概念,以便在以下维度深入探讨其与收入不平等的联系:主观幸福(幸福感)和客观幸福(物质、健康、教育和环境维度)。我们基于2004年至2020年按季度数据分解的年度数据估计向量自回归(VAR)模型。用于研究收入不平等与多维度幸福之间联系的格兰杰因果检验的实证结果表明,不仅所研究的相互联系模式在两组之间存在差异,而且中东欧北部国家组和中东欧大陆国家组在这些联系方面也并非同质。