Dos Santos Sanches Natália, Panahipour Layla, Wang Lei, Imani Atefe, Marchiolli Caroline Liberato, Cervantes Lara Cristina Cunha, Stein Maria Cristina Ruiz Voms, Berton Sara Alves, Souza Francisley Ávila, Okamoto Roberta, Júnior Idelmo Rangel Garcia, Gruber Reinhard
Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, 16015-050Sao Paulo, , Brazil.
Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Jan 14;29(1):62. doi: 10.1007/s00784-024-06123-1.
Titanium surface modifications improve osseointegration in dental and orthopedic implants. However, soft tissue cells can also reach the implant surface in immediate loading protocols. While previous research focused on osteogenic cells, the early response of soft tissue cells still needs to be better understood.
We have established a bioassay to this aim where human gingival fibroblasts, HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cells, and murine bone marrow cells were cultured onto titanium discs or exposed to the respective supernatants for overnight. Modifications were double acid-etching (SLA), and coating with simulated body fluid (SBF) with or without odanacatib (ODN), a selective cathepsin K inhibitor reducing bone resorption.
Our findings indicate that direct contact with titanium discs, with all surface modifications, slightly reduces cell viability. Growing gingival fibroblasts on discs consistently showed a trend toward increased IL8 expression. In HSC2 cells, this setting significantly increased IL1 and IL8 expression, confirmed by the immunoassay. Murine bone marrow macrophages also showed an increase in IL1 and IL6 expressions. Supernatants of the respective discs failed to cause these changes. Although ODN coating inhibited cathepsin K, osteoclastogenesis remained unchanged.
These findings suggest that titanium discs do not provide a favorable in vitro surface for oral soft tissue cells as they lose viability and respond with a moderately increased expression of inflammatory cytokines.
The soft tissue surrounding a dental implant can impact rehabilitation success. Understanding how soft tissue cells respond to titanium surface is potentially relevant to understand clinical outcomes.
钛表面改性可改善牙科和骨科植入物的骨整合。然而，在即刻负重方案中软组织细胞也可到达植入物表面。尽管先前的研究聚焦于成骨细胞，但软组织细胞的早期反应仍有待深入了解。
我们为此建立了一种生物测定法，将人牙龈成纤维细胞、HSC2口腔鳞状癌细胞和小鼠骨髓细胞培养在钛盘上或暴露于各自的上清液中过夜。改性方法为双酸蚀刻（SLA），以及用模拟体液（SBF）进行涂层，涂层中添加或不添加奥达卡替（ODN），奥达卡替是一种选择性组织蛋白酶K抑制剂，可减少骨吸收。
我们的研究结果表明，与所有表面改性的钛盘直接接触会轻微降低细胞活力。在盘上培养的牙龈成纤维细胞持续显示出白细胞介素8（IL8）表达增加的趋势。在HSC2细胞中，这种情况显著增加了白细胞介素1（IL1）和IL8的表达，免疫测定证实了这一点。小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞也显示出IL1和白细胞介素6（IL6）表达增加。各盘的上清液未引起这些变化。尽管ODN涂层抑制了组织蛋白酶K，但破骨细胞生成仍未改变。
这些发现表明，钛盘对口腔软组织细胞而言并非有利的体外表面，因为它们会丧失活力并以炎症细胞因子表达适度增加作为反应。
牙科植入物周围的软组织会影响修复成功。了解软组织细胞对钛表面的反应可能与理解临床结果相关。
