Shah Syed Ahsan, Gul Alia, Shah Ghulam Mujtaba, Wizrah Maha Saeed Ibrahim, Khalid Awais, Munir Mamoona, Maqbool Zainab, Aftab Arusa, Alrahili Mazen R, Siddiqua Ayesha, Begum M Yasmin
Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 15;20(1):e0312567. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312567. eCollection 2025.
Multidrug resistant bacteria are causing health problems and economic burden worldwide; alternative treatment options such as natural products and nanoparticles have attained great attention recently. Therefore, we aimed to determine the phytochemicals, antibacterial potential, and anticancer activity of W. unigemmata. Extracts in different organic and inorganic solvents were prepared, silver nanoparticles were prepared using the green synthesis method. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometry, anticancer potential was determined against gastric cancer and normal gastric epithelial cells using CCK8 and colony formation assays W. unigemmata was found to have a significant enrichment of various phytochemicals including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, tannins, saponins, quinines, carbohydrates, phenols, coumarins and phlobatanins. Among them phenolics (5289.89 ± 112.67) had high enrichment followed by reducing sugar (851.53 ± 120.15), flavonoids (408.28 ± 20.26) and ascorbic acid (347.64 ± 16.32), respectively. The extracts prepared in organic solvents showed strong antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (chloroform, 13.66±0.88, ethyl acetate, 8.66±4.33, methyl alcohol, 13.33±1.66, N-hexane, 12.33±0.88) and S. aureus (chloroform, 15±0.57, ethyl acetate, 16.33±0.33, methyl alcohol, 17.66±0.33 and N-hexane, 16.33±0.33). Aqueously prepared AgNPs showed remarkable activity against P. aeruginosa follwed by E. coli, 17.66 ± 1.85, S. aureus, 16.00 ± 1.73, K. pneumoniae, 14.33 ± 1.20, respectively. The ethanolic extracts (500 μg, 1000 μg, 2000 μg) of the W. unigemmata were found to have cytotoxicity against both gastric cancer (AGS and SGC7901) and normal cell lines (GES-1); a significant cellular proliferation arrest was observed. These results suggest that W. Unigemmata contains numerous bioactive phytochemicals and can be useful as a drug against MDR bacterial strains. These biomolecules covering AgNPs may enhance their biological activities, which can be employed in the treatment of various microbial infections.
多重耐药细菌正在全球范围内引发健康问题和经济负担；天然产物和纳米颗粒等替代治疗选择最近受到了极大关注。因此，我们旨在确定单芽瓦韦的植物化学成分、抗菌潜力和抗癌活性。制备了不同有机溶剂和无机溶剂中的提取物，采用绿色合成法制备了银纳米颗粒。采用分光光度法测定植物化学成分和抗氧化活性，使用CCK8和集落形成试验测定对胃癌和正常胃上皮细胞的抗癌潜力。发现单芽瓦韦富含多种植物化学成分，包括黄酮类、萜类、生物碱、类胡萝卜素、单宁、皂苷、奎宁、碳水化合物、酚类、香豆素和鞣红。其中酚类（5289.89±112.67）含量最高，其次是还原糖（851.53±120.15）、黄酮类（408.28±20.26）和抗坏血酸（347.64±16.32）。有机溶剂制备的提取物对铜绿假单胞菌（氯仿，13.66±0.88；乙酸乙酯，8.66±4.33；甲醇，13.33±1.66；正己烷，12.33±0.88）和金黄色葡萄球菌（氯仿，15±0.57；乙酸乙酯，16.33±0.33；甲醇，17.66±0.33；正己烷，16.33±0.33）表现出较强的抗菌活性。水相制备的银纳米颗粒对铜绿假单胞菌表现出显著活性，其次是大肠杆菌（17.66±1.85）、金黄色葡萄球菌（16.00±1.73）、肺炎克雷伯菌（14.33±1.20）。单芽瓦韦的乙醇提取物（500μg、1000μg、2000μg）对胃癌细胞系（AGS和SGC7901）和正常细胞系（GES-1）均具有细胞毒性；观察到显著的细胞增殖停滞。这些结果表明，单芽瓦韦含有众多具有生物活性的植物化学成分，可作为抗多重耐药菌株的药物。这些覆盖银纳米颗粒的生物分子可能会增强其生物活性，可用于治疗各种微生物感染。
