Shao Yi, Ma Jian-Min, Huang Xiao-Ming
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
Int J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan 18;18(1):51-66. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2025.01.06. eCollection 2025.
Orbital disorders include conditions originating from the orbital bones, surrounding tissues, and post-orbital septum. They also include systemic ailments affecting the orbit. Different clinical symptoms make up the complex range of orbital disorders. Because these disorders mostly impact the orbital area instead of the intraocular compartment, there is little diagnostic usefulness for typical ophthalmic visual tests. As such, the vital instruments for diagnosing and evaluating orbital illnesses have become ophthalmic imaging modalities, including ocular ultrasonography (B-scan), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One way to improve the precision and promptness of diagnosing orbital diseases is to standardize the functioning of widely used imaging equipment and define the radiological features of orbital abnormalities. Such programs are crucial for the care of patients with orbital disorders since they considerably reduce the number of misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses in these individuals. The underlying concepts, operational techniques, and normal and pathological imaging findings associated with common diagnostic tools for orbital illnesses are all thoroughly reviewed in this guideline. The objective is to improve primary healthcare settings' diagnostic competence in the field of orbital pathology and to standardize procedures for diagnosing orbital disorders.
眼眶疾病包括起源于眼眶骨骼、周围组织和眶后隔膜的病症。它们还包括影响眼眶的全身性疾病。不同的临床症状构成了复杂多样的眼眶疾病。由于这些疾病大多影响眼眶区域而非眼内腔,典型的眼科视力检查对其诊断价值不大。因此,诊断和评估眼眶疾病的重要手段已成为眼科成像方式,包括眼部超声检查(B超)、计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)。提高眼眶疾病诊断准确性和及时性的一种方法是规范广泛使用的成像设备的功能,并明确眼眶异常的放射学特征。此类方案对于眼眶疾病患者的护理至关重要,因为它们可大幅减少这些患者的误诊和漏诊数量。本指南全面回顾了与眼眶疾病常见诊断工具相关的基本概念、操作技术以及正常和病理成像表现。目的是提高基层医疗单位在眼眶病理学领域的诊断能力,并规范眼眶疾病的诊断程序。