Ukagebu Chinomso Joel, Alao Jude Oluwapelumi, Bamigboye Favour Oluwadara, Ukaegbu Joel Chimezie, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole
Adeleke University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Viral Hepat. 2025 Feb;32(2):e70002. doi: 10.1111/jvh.70002.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a critical public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly among pregnant women in Nigeria. Routine screening using rapid diagnostic kits is common in antenatal care, yet the accuracy of these tests can vary. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalencwe of HBV among pregnant women who had previously undergone screening using rapid diagnostic kits at Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria, to assess the effectiveness of initial screening and identify any missed cases. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 263 pregnant women. Blood samples were tested for HBV markers (HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb) using ELISA. Sociodemographic data and potential risk factors were also analysed. The study found that 7.6% of women were HBsAg positive, indicating active HBV infection, and 49.6% were susceptible to HBV. There was a significant association between higher education levels and HBV seropositivity. Employment status also correlated with HBV prevalence, with self-employed women showing higher seroprevalence. Additionally, a history of blood transfusions was linked to higher HBV seropositivity. The findings highlight the limitations of rapid diagnostic kits in detecting HBV and underscore the need for enhanced infection prevention and control measures, including confirmatory testing, robust vaccination programmes and safe delivery practices to reduce HBV transmission in high-burden regions like Nigeria.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）仍然是一个关键的公共卫生问题，在尼日利亚的孕妇中尤为突出。在产前护理中，使用快速诊断试剂盒进行常规筛查很常见，但这些检测的准确性可能会有所不同。本研究旨在确定在尼日利亚奥孙州伊莱萨的奥巴费米·阿沃洛沃教学医院，此前使用快速诊断试剂盒进行过筛查的孕妇中HBV的血清流行率，以评估初次筛查的有效性并识别任何漏诊病例。开展了一项横断面研究，涉及263名孕妇。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对血样进行HBV标志物（乙肝表面抗原、乙肝表面抗体和乙肝核心抗体）检测。还分析了社会人口统计学数据和潜在风险因素。研究发现，7.6%的女性乙肝表面抗原呈阳性，表明存在活动性HBV感染，49.6%的女性对HBV易感。高等教育水平与HBV血清阳性之间存在显著关联。就业状况也与HBV流行率相关，自营职业女性的血清流行率较高。此外，输血史与较高的HBV血清阳性有关。研究结果凸显了快速诊断试剂盒在检测HBV方面的局限性，并强调需要加强感染预防和控制措施，包括确证检测、强有力的疫苗接种计划和安全分娩做法，以减少尼日利亚等高负担地区的HBV传播。
