Metaferia Yeshi, Dessie Walelign, Ali Ibrahim, Amsalu Anteneh
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Epidemiol Health. 2016 Jun 19;38:e2016027. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016027. eCollection 2016.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious agent that is a significant global public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Hawassa University referral hospital in Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2015. A total of 269 consecutive pregnant women attending antenatal consultations were enrolled. Sociodemographic information and data regarding possible risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed.
The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among the 269 participants enrolled in the study was 7.8% (n=21). The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 5.2% (n=14), of whom two participants (14.2%) were also positive for HBsAg. Study participants with no formal education (odds ratio [OR], 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 10.68; p<0.05) were more likely to be infected with HBV than those who had completed at least secondary school. Although HBsAg was detected more often in pregnant women who had multiple exposure factors (8.8%, n=13) than in pregnant women who had not experienced possible risk factors (4%, n=1), this difference was not statistically significant (OR, 2.33; 95%CI, 0.29 to 18.63).
A high prevalence of HBV infection was detected in the study population. Neither the type of risk factors nor exposure to multiple risk factors was significantly associated with HBV infection. Hence, screening pregnant women regardless of risk factors and improving awareness of the transmission routes of HBV within this group may reduce the risk of HBV infections.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种主要通过血液传播和性传播的感染源，是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚哈瓦萨大学转诊医院产前诊所就诊孕妇中HBV的血清流行率及危险因素。
于2015年4月至5月进行了一项横断面研究。共纳入269名连续参加产前咨询的孕妇。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学信息及有关可能危险因素的数据。采用酶联免疫吸附试验进行乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）筛查，并对数据进行分析。
纳入本研究的269名参与者中，HBsAg的总体血清流行率为7.8%（n = 21）。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率为5.2%（n = 14），其中两名参与者（14.2%）HBsAg也呈阳性。未接受过正规教育的研究参与者（比值比[OR]，3.68；95%置信区间[CI]，1.27至10.68；p<0.05）比至少完成中学教育的参与者更易感染HBV。尽管在有多种暴露因素的孕妇中检测到HBsAg的频率（8.8%，n = 13）高于未经历可能危险因素的孕妇（4%，n = 1），但这种差异无统计学意义（OR，2.33；95%CI，0.29至18.63）。
在研究人群中检测到较高的HBV感染率。危险因素类型及暴露于多种危险因素均与HBV感染无显著相关性。因此，无论危险因素如何都对孕妇进行筛查，并提高该群体对HBV传播途径的认识，可能会降低HBV感染风险。
