Bioactive components, pharmacological properties and underlying mechanism of spore oil: A review.

is a Chinese medicinal fungus with a long history of use in healthcare and disease treatment. spores (GLS) are tiny germ cells released from the mushroom cap during the mature stage of growth. They contain all the genetic active substances of . spore oil (GLSO) is a lipid component extracted from broken-walled spores using supercritical CO extraction technology. GLSO contains fatty acids, triterpenes, sterols and other bioactive compounds. Previous studies have demonstrated that GLSO has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor, anti-aging, neuroprotection, immunomodulation, hepatoprotection and modulation of metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the research progress of GLSO over the past two decades in terms of its bioactive components, extraction and processing techniques, pharmacological effects and safety evaluation. This provides a solid foundation for further research and application of GLSO.