Marushchak Anatolii, Petrov Stanislav, Khoperiya Anayit
International Information Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine.
The Institute of Special Communication and Information Protection of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.
Front Artif Intell. 2025 Jan 7;7:1474034. doi: 10.3389/frai.2024.1474034. eCollection 2024.
Advances in the use of AI have led to the emergence of a greater variety of forms disinformation can take and channels for its proliferation. In this context, the future of legal mechanisms to address AI-powered disinformation remains to be determined. Additional complexity for legislators working in the field arises from the need to harmonize national legal frameworks of democratic states with the need for regulation of potentially dangerous digital content. In this paper, we review and analyze some of the recent discussions concerning the use of legal regulation in addressing AI-powered disinformation and present the national case of Ukraine as an example of developments in the field. We develop the discussion through an analysis of the existing counter-disinformation ecosystems, the EU and US legislation, and the emerging regulations of AI systems. We show how the Ukrainian Law on Counter Disinformation, developed as an emergency response to internationally recognized Russian military aggression and hybrid warfare tactics, underscores the crucial need to align even emergency measures with international law and principles of free speech. Exemplifying the Ukrainian case, we argue that the effective actions necessary for countering AI-powered disinformation are prevention, detection, and implementation of a set of response actions. The latter are identified and listed in this review. The paper argues that there is still a need for scaling legal mechanisms that might enhance top-level challenges in countering AI-powered disinformation.
人工智能应用的进步导致了虚假信息呈现出更多样的形式及其传播渠道的增加。在这种背景下，应对人工智能驱动的虚假信息的法律机制的未来仍有待确定。该领域的立法者面临的额外复杂性源于需要将民主国家的国家法律框架与对潜在危险数字内容进行监管的需求相协调。在本文中，我们回顾并分析了近期一些关于使用法律监管来应对人工智能驱动的虚假信息的讨论，并以乌克兰的国家案例为例展示该领域的发展情况。我们通过分析现有的反虚假信息生态系统、欧盟和美国的立法以及人工智能系统的新兴监管措施来展开讨论。我们展示了作为对国际公认的俄罗斯军事侵略和混合战争策略的紧急应对而制定的乌克兰《反虚假信息法》，如何强调了即使是紧急措施也必须符合国际法和言论自由原则的关键必要性。以乌克兰的案例为例，我们认为应对人工智能驱动的虚假信息所需的有效行动包括预防、检测以及实施一系列应对行动。后者在本综述中已被识别并列出。本文认为，仍需要扩大法律机制，这可能会增强应对人工智能驱动的虚假信息方面的顶级挑战。
