Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
Protein Cell. 2021 May;12(5):360-373. doi: 10.1007/s13238-020-00814-7. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
It is well known that an unhealthy lifestyle is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases, while in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome and its metabolites also play a crucial role in the onset and development of many metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and so on. Numerous microorganisms dwell in the gastrointestinal tract, which is a key interface for energy acquisition and can metabolize dietary nutrients into many bioactive substances, thus acting as a link between the gut microbiome and its host. The gut microbiome is shaped by host genetics, immune responses and dietary factors. The metabolic and immune potential of the gut microbiome determines its significance in host health and diseases. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome and relevant metabolic pathways would be effective therapeutic treatments for many metabolic diseases in the near future. This review will summarize information about the role of the gut microbiome in organism metabolism and the relationship between gut microbiome-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Furthermore, recent advances in improving metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiome will be discussed.
众所周知，不健康的生活方式是代谢性疾病的主要危险因素，而近年来，越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物组及其代谢物在许多代谢性疾病（包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝病、心血管疾病等）的发生和发展中也起着至关重要的作用。大量微生物栖息在胃肠道中，胃肠道是能量获取的关键接口，可以将膳食营养素代谢为许多生物活性物质，从而成为肠道微生物组与其宿主之间的联系。肠道微生物组受宿主遗传、免疫反应和饮食因素的影响。肠道微生物组的代谢和免疫潜力决定了其在宿主健康和疾病中的重要性。因此，针对肠道微生物组及其相关代谢途径的治疗方法可能是未来治疗许多代谢性疾病的有效方法。本综述将总结肠道微生物组在机体代谢中的作用以及肠道微生物组衍生代谢物与许多代谢性疾病发病机制之间的关系。此外，还将讨论通过调节肠道微生物组来改善代谢性疾病的最新进展。
