Costantini Claudio, Brancorsini Stefano, Grignani Francesco, Romani Luigina, Bellet Marina Maria
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2025 Jan 23;380(1918):20230473. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0473.
Circadian clocks are biological oscillators that evolved to coordinate rhythms in behaviour and physiology around the 24-hour day. In mammalian tissues, circadian rhythms and metabolism are highly intertwined. The clock machinery controls rhythmic levels of circulating hormones and metabolites, as well as rate-limiting enzymes catalysing biosynthesis or degradation of macromolecules in metabolic tissues, such control being exerted both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. During infections, major metabolic adaptation occurs in mammalian hosts, at the level of both the single immune cell and the whole organism. Under these circumstances, the rhythmic metabolic needs of the host intersect with those of two other players: the pathogen and the microbiota. These three components cooperate or compete to meet their own metabolic demands across the 24 hours. Here, we review findings describing the circadian regulation of the host response to infection, the circadian metabolic adaptations occurring during host-microbiota-pathogen interactions and how such regulation can influence the immune response of the host and, ultimately, its own survival.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity'.
昼夜节律钟是一种生物振荡器，其进化目的是协调24小时一天内行为和生理的节律。在哺乳动物组织中，昼夜节律与新陈代谢紧密相连。生物钟机制控制着循环激素和代谢物的节律水平，以及催化代谢组织中大分子生物合成或降解的限速酶，这种控制在转录和转录后水平上都有体现。在感染期间，哺乳动物宿主在单个免疫细胞和整个生物体水平上都会发生主要的代谢适应。在这种情况下，宿主有节律的代谢需求与另外两个参与者的需求相互交织：病原体和微生物群。这三个组成部分在24小时内相互协作或竞争以满足自身的代谢需求。在此，我们综述了一些研究结果，这些结果描述了宿主对感染反应的昼夜节律调节、宿主-微生物群-病原体相互作用期间发生的昼夜代谢适应，以及这种调节如何影响宿主的免疫反应并最终影响其自身的生存。本文是西奥·墨菲会议议题“感染与免疫中的昼夜节律”的一部分。
