Hartings Matthew R, Ahmed Zeeshan
Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Nat Rev Chem. 2019 May;3(5):305-314. doi: 10.1038/s41570-019-0097-z. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
3D printing technology has started to take hold as an enabling tool for scientific advancement. Born from the marriage of computer-aided design and additive manufacturing, 3D printing was originally intended to generate prototypes for inspection before their full industrial production. As this field has matured, its reach into other applications has expanded, accelerated by its ability to generate 3D objects with complex geometries. Chemists and chemical engineers have begun to take advantage of these capabilities in their own research. Certainly, the most prominent examples of this adoption have been the design and use of 3D printed reaction containers and flow devices. The focus of this Review, however, is on 3D printed objects, the chemical reactivities of which are of primary interest. These types of objects have been designed and used in catalytic, mechanical, electronic, analytical and biological applications. Underlying this research are the efforts to add chemical functionality to standard printing materials, which are often inert. This Review details the different ways in which chemical reactivity is endowed on printed objects, the types of chemical functionality that have been explored in the various printing materials and the reactions that are facilitated by the final printed object. Finally, the Review discusses new avenues for the development and further sophistication of generating chemically active, 3D printed objects.
3D打印技术已开始作为科学进步的一种赋能工具而得到广泛应用。3D打印源于计算机辅助设计与增材制造的结合，最初旨在为全面工业化生产前的检测生成原型。随着该领域的成熟，由于其能够生成具有复杂几何形状的3D物体，其在其他应用中的范围不断扩大。化学家和化学工程师已开始在他们自己的研究中利用这些能力。当然，这种应用最突出的例子是3D打印反应容器和流动装置的设计与使用。然而，本综述的重点是3D打印物体，其化学反应性是主要关注对象。这类物体已被设计并应用于催化、机械、电子、分析和生物应用中。该研究的基础是努力在通常呈惰性的标准打印材料中添加化学功能。本综述详细介绍了赋予打印物体化学反应性的不同方式、在各种打印材料中探索的化学功能类型以及最终打印物体所促进的反应。最后，本综述讨论了生成具有化学活性的3D打印物体的开发和进一步完善的新途径。
