Narváez-Romero Azahara María, Rodríguez-Lozano Francisco Javier, Pecci-Lloret María Pilar
Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Medicine School, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jan 8;15(2):88. doi: 10.3390/nano15020088.
Graphene, a two-dimensional arrangement of carbon atoms, has drawn significant interest in medical research due to its unique properties. In the context of bone regeneration, graphene has shown several promising applications. Its robust structure, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility make it an ideal candidate for enhancing bone tissue regeneration and repair processes. Studies have revealed that the presence of graphene can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells, thereby promoting the formation of new bone tissue. Additionally, its ability to act as an effective carrier for growth factors and drugs allows controlled release, facilitating the engineering of specific tissues for bone regeneration.
To assess the efficacy of graphene in enhancing bone regeneration through in vitro studies, identify key safety concerns, and propose directions for future research to optimize its clinical applicability.
The present systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA 2020 guideline. A first search was carried out on 20 November 2023 and was later updated on 14 February and 15 April 2024 in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Those in vitro studies published in English that evaluated the potential for bone regeneration with graphene in dentistry and also those which met the search terms were selected. Furthermore, the quality of the studies was assessed following the modified CONSORT checklist of in vitro studies on dental materials.
A total of 17 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 12 showed increased osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, along with notable enhancements in mineralized matrix formation. Additionally, they exhibited a significant upregulation of osteogenic markers such as RUNX and COL1 ( < 0.05). However, the variability in methodologies and a lack of long-term assessments were noted as critical gaps.
The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of graphene in bone regeneration in dentistry revealed significant potential. However, it is recognized that clinical implementation should be approached with caution, considering identified areas of improvement and suggestions for future research. Future studies should focus on standardized experimental designs, including in vivo studies to evaluate long-term safety, immune responses, and vascularization processes in realistic biological environments.
石墨烯是碳原子的二维排列，因其独特的性质在医学研究中引起了极大的关注。在骨再生的背景下，石墨烯已显示出几种有前景的应用。其坚固的结构、导电性和生物相容性使其成为增强骨组织再生和修复过程的理想候选材料。研究表明，石墨烯的存在可以刺激骨细胞的增殖和分化，从而促进新骨组织的形成。此外，它作为生长因子和药物的有效载体的能力允许进行控释，有助于骨再生特定组织的工程构建。
通过体外研究评估石墨烯在增强骨再生方面的疗效，确定关键的安全问题，并为未来研究提出方向，以优化其临床适用性。
本系统评价采用PRISMA 2020指南进行。于2023年11月20日进行了首次检索，并于2024年2月14日和4月15日在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行了更新。选择那些以英文发表的评估石墨烯在牙科中骨再生潜力的体外研究以及符合检索词的研究。此外，根据牙科材料体外研究的修改后的CONSORT清单评估研究质量。
共有17项体外研究符合纳入标准。其中，12项研究显示成骨细胞的黏附、增殖和分化增加，矿化基质形成也有显著增强。此外，它们还表现出成骨标志物如RUNX和COL1的显著上调（<0.05）。然而，方法的变异性和缺乏长期评估被指出是关键差距。
对石墨烯在牙科骨再生中的疗效和安全性评估显示出巨大潜力。然而，考虑到已确定的改进领域和未来研究建议，应谨慎对待临床应用。未来的研究应侧重于标准化的实验设计，包括体内研究，以评估在实际生物环境中的长期安全性、免疫反应和血管化过程。
