Champion Wyatt M, Shen Guofeng, Williams Craig, Virtaranta Larry, Barnes Mark, Christianson Cara, Hays Michael D, Jetter James J
Air Methods and Characterization Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States.
Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Feb 4;59(4):2006-2017. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c10008. Epub 2025 Jan 24.
This study examines three representative semigasifier cookstove models each burning four types of pelletized-biomass fuel (hardwood, peanut hull, rice husk, and wheat straw) using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19867-1:2018 protocol. ISO tier ratings for fine particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions ranged 1-4 and 2-5 (where 5 = cleanest), respectively, suggesting that pellet-fueled cookstoves may provide substantial emissions reductions, dependent upon stove/fuel matching and operation, over other biomass-fueled cooking alternatives. PM emission factors based on useful energy delivered (EF) varied by up to 25-fold, and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) EF values respectively varied by >200- and ∼100-fold, reflecting complex variability in PM composition. These semigasifier cookstoves showed higher ultrafine particle (UFP) emissions but lower bulk PM emissions. Operation of pellet-fueled cookstoves at higher firepower resulted in higher PM and UFP emission factors and higher EC-to-total-carbon ratios; operation at lower firepower resulted in higher gaseous pollutant emission factors. Results of this work provide technical guidance for stove developers, users, and policy-makers. These ISO-protocol-based emission factors are also pertinent to health and climate modeling efforts.
本研究使用国际标准化组织（ISO）19867-1:2018协议，对三种具有代表性的半气化炉炉灶模型进行了测试，每种模型燃烧四种颗粒状生物质燃料（硬木、花生壳、稻壳和麦秸）。细颗粒物（PM）和一氧化碳（CO）排放的ISO等级分别为1-4级和2-5级（5级表示最清洁），这表明与其他生物质燃料烹饪方式相比，颗粒燃料炉灶在炉灶/燃料匹配及操作得当的情况下，可大幅减少排放。基于有用能量输出的PM排放因子变化高达25倍，有机碳和元素碳（OC和EC）的排放因子分别变化超过200倍和100倍左右，这反映出PM成分的复杂变异性。这些半气化炉炉灶显示出较高的超细颗粒物（UFP）排放，但总PM排放较低。颗粒燃料炉灶在较高火力下运行会导致更高的PM和UFP排放因子以及更高的EC与总碳比；在较低火力下运行则会导致更高的气态污染物排放因子。本研究结果为炉灶开发者、用户和政策制定者提供了技术指导。这些基于ISO协议的排放因子也与健康和气候建模工作相关。
