Pineda-Espejel H Antonio
Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jan 7;22(1):70. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010070.
Based on the theory of planned behavior, the objective was to test a theoretical model that explains the intention to continue practicing sports among adolescents currently involved in sports practice in Mexicali based on factors that generate perceived social pressure to be perfect (perceived descriptive norm) and that lead to internal factors of perceived control (perceived competence, general self-concept, and enjoyment). A battery of questionnaires that measured the study variables was applied to 195 adolescent athletes of both sexes. The causal model with observed variables rejected part of the hypothesis since the athletes' perception that their parents impose high performance expectations on them and that they criticize them when these expectations are not achieved was not associated with the athletes' perceived competence. Meanwhile, perceived coach pressure was positively associated with perceived competence, suggesting that it may be adaptive. This also suggests that perceived competence favors the intention to continue practicing sports both directly and indirectly through self-concept and enjoyment. In conclusion, boys involved in sports will have the intention to continue practicing if they perceive that their closest social references demand that they be perfect in the sport and when they perceive themselves to be able to do it effectively. Meanwhile, girls will have the intention to continue in sports practice if, in addition, they have a better general self-concept and enjoy the activity. Therefore, an important task for coaches, in order to encourage the continuation of sport in adolescents, is to promote the perception of qualities, skills and abilities toward sport.
基于计划行为理论，目的是检验一个理论模型，该模型基于产生追求完美的感知社会压力（感知描述性规范）以及导致感知控制的内部因素（感知能力、一般自我概念和享受）来解释墨西卡利目前参与体育锻炼的青少年继续参与体育锻炼的意图。一套测量研究变量的问卷被应用于195名男女青少年运动员。带有观测变量的因果模型部分拒绝了假设，因为运动员认为父母对他们施加了高成绩期望，且当这些期望未达成时会批评他们，这与运动员的感知能力并无关联。与此同时，感知到的教练压力与感知能力呈正相关，这表明它可能具有适应性。这也表明，感知能力通过自我概念和享受直接和间接地促进继续参与体育锻炼的意图。总之，如果参与体育活动的男孩认为他们最亲近的社会参照对象要求他们在这项运动中做到完美，并且当他们认为自己能够有效地做到这一点时，他们就会有继续参与的意图。与此同时，如果参与体育锻炼的女孩除此之外还有更好的一般自我概念并且享受这项活动，她们就会有继续参与体育锻炼的意图。因此，为了鼓励青少年继续参与体育运动，教练的一项重要任务是促进对体育的品质、技能和能力的感知。
