Grande-Tovar Carlos David, Castro Castro Jorge Ivan, Barba-Rosado Lemy Vanessa, Zapata Paula A, Insuasty Daniel, Valencia-Llano Carlos-Humberto
Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia.
Tribology, Polymers, Powder Metallurgy and Solid Waste Transformations Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760001, Colombia.
Molecules. 2025 Jan 12;30(2):276. doi: 10.3390/molecules30020276.
Scaffolds for regenerative therapy can be made from natural or synthetic polymers, each offering distinct benefits. Natural biopolymers like chitosan (CS) are biocompatible and biodegradable, supporting cell interactions, but lack mechanical strength. Synthetic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) provide superior mechanical strength and cost efficiency but are not biodegradable or supportive of cell adhesion. Combining these polymers optimizes their advantages while adding metal oxide nanoparticles like calcium oxide (CaO NPs) enhances antimicrobial properties by damaging bacterial membranes. In this study, we obtained the formation of CaO NPs by calcinating eggshells, which were mixed in a polymeric network of CS and PVA to obtain four different membrane formulations for subdermal tissue regeneration. The spherical nanoparticles measured 13.43 ± 0.46 nm in size. Their incorporation into the membranes broadened the hydroxyl bands in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis at 3331 cm⁻. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed changes in the crystalline structure, with new diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 7.2° for formulations F2, F3, and F4, likely due to the increased amorphous nature and concentration of CaO NPs. Additionally, higher CaO NPs concentrations led to a reduction in thermal properties and crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a heterogeneous morphology with needle-like structures on the surface, resulting from the uniform dispersion of CaO NPs among the polymer chains and the solvent evaporation process. A histological examination of the implanted membranes after 60 days indicated their biocompatibility and biodegradability, facilitated by incorporating CaO NPs. During the degradation process, the material fragmented and was absorbed by inflammatory cells, which promoted the proliferation of collagen fibers and blood vessels. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating CaO NPs in soft tissue regeneration scaffolds.
用于再生治疗的支架可以由天然或合成聚合物制成，每种都有独特的优势。壳聚糖（CS）等天然生物聚合物具有生物相容性和可生物降解性，支持细胞相互作用，但缺乏机械强度。聚乙烯醇（PVA）等合成聚合物具有优异的机械强度和成本效益，但不可生物降解，也不支持细胞粘附。将这些聚合物结合起来可以优化它们的优势，而添加氧化钙（CaO NPs）等金属氧化物纳米颗粒则可以通过破坏细菌膜来增强抗菌性能。在本研究中，我们通过煅烧蛋壳获得了CaO NPs的形成，将其与CS和PVA的聚合物网络混合，以获得四种用于皮下组织再生的不同膜配方。球形纳米颗粒的尺寸为13.43±0.46nm。在傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析中，它们掺入膜中使3331cm⁻处的羟基带变宽。X射线衍射（XRD）分析显示晶体结构发生了变化，F2、F3和F4配方在2θ值为7.2°处出现了新的衍射峰，这可能是由于CaO NPs的无定形性质和浓度增加所致。此外，较高的CaO NPs浓度导致热性能和结晶度降低。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示表面形态不均匀，有针状结构，这是由于CaO NPs在聚合物链中的均匀分散和溶剂蒸发过程造成的。植入60天后对膜进行的组织学检查表明，由于掺入了CaO NPs，它们具有生物相容性和可生物降解性。在降解过程中，材料破碎并被炎症细胞吸收，这促进了胶原纤维和血管的增殖。这些发现突出了在软组织再生支架中掺入CaO NPs的潜力。
