Wang Lei, Ma Weiting, Zhang Shuheng, He Mengke, Song Ping, Wang Hongying, Song Xianxiao, Li Botian
College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
Molecules. 2025 Jan 17;30(2):375. doi: 10.3390/molecules30020375.
Colored polymer microspheres have attracted significant attention in both academia and industry due to their unique optical properties and extensive application potential. However, achieving a uniform distribution of dyes within these microspheres remains a challenge, particularly when heavy concentrations of dye are used, as this can lead to aggregation or delamination, adversely affecting their application. Additionally, many dyes are prone to degradation or fading when exposed to light, heat, or chemicals, which compromises the long-term color stability of the microspheres. Consequently, the preparation of colored polymer microspheres with high stability continues to be a significant challenge. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the preparation techniques for colored polymer microspheres and their dyeing mechanisms, introducing the fundamental concepts of these microspheres and their applications in various fields, such as biomedicine, optical devices, and electronic display technologies. It further presents a detailed discussion of the different preparation methods, including physical adsorption, chemical bonding, and copolymerization. The advantages, limitations, and potential improvements of each method are explored, along with an analysis of the interactions between dyes and the polymer matrix, and how these interactions influence the properties of the microspheres, including their color uniformity, stability, and durability. Finally, the review discusses future perspectives on the development of colored polymer microspheres, highlighting the advancement of novel materials, innovations in preparation technology, and the exploration of potential new application areas.
彩色聚合物微球因其独特的光学性质和广泛的应用潜力，在学术界和工业界都引起了极大的关注。然而，在这些微球中实现染料的均匀分布仍然是一个挑战，特别是当使用高浓度染料时，因为这可能导致聚集或分层，对其应用产生不利影响。此外，许多染料在暴露于光、热或化学物质时容易降解或褪色，这会损害微球的长期颜色稳定性。因此，制备具有高稳定性的彩色聚合物微球仍然是一个重大挑战。本综述全面概述了彩色聚合物微球的制备技术及其染色机制，介绍了这些微球的基本概念及其在生物医学、光学器件和电子显示技术等各个领域的应用。它进一步详细讨论了不同的制备方法，包括物理吸附、化学键合和共聚。探讨了每种方法的优点、局限性和潜在改进，同时分析了染料与聚合物基质之间的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何影响微球的性能，包括其颜色均匀性、稳定性和耐久性。最后，该综述讨论了彩色聚合物微球发展的未来前景，强调了新型材料的进步、制备技术的创新以及潜在新应用领域的探索。
