Biagioli Valentina, Mela Federica, Ferraro Paola, Villano Gianmichele, Orsini Alessandro, Diana Maria Cristina, Striano Pasquale, Santangelo Andrea
Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 18;17(2):337. doi: 10.3390/nu17020337.
Migraine, a prevalent neurovascular disorder, affects millions globally and is associated with significant morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue in the modulation of migraine pathophysiology, particularly through mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and metabolic regulation.
A narrative review of the literature from 2000 to 2024 was conducted using the PubMed database. Studies addressing the relationships between microbiota, adipose tissue, and migraine-including dietary interventions and their impact-were analyzed.
The findings highlight a bidirectional gut-brain axis, with gut microbiota influencing neuroinflammation via metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Obesity exacerbates migraine severity through chronic inflammation and the dysregulation of adipocytokines like leptin and adiponectin. Dietary patterns, such as low glycemic index diets and Mediterranean diets, and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics show potential in migraine management.
This review underscores the need for integrative approaches targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis and adipose tissue in migraine therapy. Future studies should explore longitudinal effects and personalized interventions to optimize outcomes.
偏头痛是一种常见的神经血管疾病，全球数百万人受其影响，并伴有严重的发病率。新出现的证据表明，肠道微生物群和脂肪组织在偏头痛病理生理学的调节中起着关键作用，特别是通过涉及神经炎症和代谢调节的机制。
使用PubMed数据库对2000年至2024年的文献进行叙述性综述。分析了探讨微生物群、脂肪组织与偏头痛之间关系的研究，包括饮食干预及其影响。
研究结果突出了肠道-脑轴的双向性，肠道微生物群通过短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）等代谢产物影响神经炎症。肥胖通过慢性炎症以及瘦素和脂联素等脂肪细胞因子的失调加剧偏头痛的严重程度。低血糖指数饮食和地中海饮食等饮食模式，以及益生元、益生菌和后生元的使用在偏头痛管理中显示出潜力。
本综述强调了在偏头痛治疗中针对微生物群-肠道-脑轴和脂肪组织采取综合方法的必要性。未来的研究应探索纵向效应和个性化干预措施，以优化治疗效果。
