Yuan Na, Yang Zuofeng, Lv Fengxia, Dou Lina, Li Xiangqing, Zhao Baokai, Dong Shishan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
Beijing Daweijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
Viruses. 2025 Jan 11;17(1):85. doi: 10.3390/v17010085.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an important pathogen affecting the pig industry, is an RNA virus with high genetic diversity. In this study, 12,299 clinical samples were collected from northern China during 2021-2023 to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of PRRSV. All samples were screened using qRT-PCR and further analyzed through gene and whole-genome sequencing. The results showed that the positive rate of PRRSV in northern China was 18.42%, and positivity rates were relatively high in spring. The phylogenetic analysis of the gene indicated that the 174 gene sequences were classified as PRRSV-2, predominantly found in Lineage 1.8 (L1.8), Lineage 1.5 (L1.5), and Lineage 8 (L8). L1.8 and L1.5 showed considerable polymorphism at decoy and neutralizing epitopes. Mutations of specific amino acids were present in L1.8 and L1.5 at T- and B-cell epitopes. Moreover, the 27 whole-genome sequences were analyzed. As indicated, 24 of them were exposed to gene recombination, and L1.8 provided the backbone for recombination events. The predominant recombination modes were L1.8 + L8.7 + L1.5/L3, with L1.5 and L3.5 generally yielding GP2GP6 structural proteins. Recombination hotspots were primarily located within the ranges of 7802200 (Nsp1Nsp2), 54006200 (Nsp3Nsp4), 78009000 (Nsp9), and 12,20014,800 (ORF2ORF6). This study enriches the epidemiological data of PRRSV in northern China, thereby providing theoretical references for the prevention and control of PRRSV in northern China.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是影响养猪业的一种重要病原体，是一种具有高度遗传多样性的RNA病毒。在本研究中，于2021年至2023年期间从中国北方收集了12299份临床样本，以调查PRRSV的分子流行病学特征和遗传进化情况。所有样本均采用qRT-PCR进行筛查，并通过基因和全基因组测序进一步分析。结果显示，中国北方PRRSV的阳性率为18.42%，春季的阳性率相对较高。对基因的系统发育分析表明，174个基因序列被归类为PRRSV-2，主要存在于1.8谱系（L1.8）、1.5谱系（L1.5）和8谱系（L8）中。L1.8和L1.5在诱饵和中和表位处表现出相当大的多态性。L1.8和L1.5在T细胞和B细胞表位处存在特定氨基酸突变。此外，对27个全基因组序列进行了分析。结果表明，其中24个经历了基因重组，L1.8为重组事件提供了主干。主要的重组模式为L1.8 + L8.7 + L1.5/L3，L1.5和L3.5通常产生GP2GP6结构蛋白。重组热点主要位于7802200（Nsp1Nsp2）、54006200（Nsp3Nsp4）、78009000（Nsp9）和1220014800（ORF2ORF6）范围内。本研究丰富了中国北方PRRSV的流行病学数据，从而为中国北方PRRSV的防控提供理论参考。
