Sun Mengzi, Wu Zibo
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China.
J Affect Disord. 2025 Apr 15;375:342-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.115. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Breakfast, often considered the most important meal of the day, affects both physical and mental health. While most studies focused on the effects of skipping breakfast on depression, few explored the roles of breakfast quality and breakfast time. The study aimed to investigate the association of breakfast habits and breakfast quality with depression symptoms.
This study included 23,839 participants aged 20 and older from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Breakfast habits were assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls, capturing both whether and when breakfast was consumed. Breakfast quality was assessed by calculating the Breakfast Quality Score (BQS). Depression symptoms was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression was used to explore the associations.
Compared to participants who did not report breakfast, the ORs of participants who reported breakfast on both one recall and both recalls were 0.737(0.591,0.919) and 0.766(0.624,0.939) for depression symptoms. Compared to participants in the BQS T subgroup, the ORs of participants in the T subgroup and T subgroup were 0.895(0.723,1.108) and 0.716(0.564,0.908) for depression symptoms (P for trend = 0.013). Compared to participants who had breakfast before 8:00 AM, the ORs for depression symptoms were 1.104 (95 % CI: 0.888, 1.371) for those who had breakfast between 8:00-9:00 AM and 1.278 (95 % CI: 1.030, 1.587) for those who had breakfast after 9:00 AM.
Skipping breakfast, low breakfast quality, and late breakfast are independently associated with depression symptoms.
早餐常被视为一天中最重要的一餐，会影响身心健康。虽然大多数研究关注不吃早餐对抑郁症的影响，但很少有人探讨早餐质量和早餐时间的作用。本研究旨在调查早餐习惯和早餐质量与抑郁症状之间的关联。
本研究纳入了2007 - 2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中23,839名20岁及以上的参与者。早餐习惯通过两次24小时饮食回忆进行评估，记录是否吃早餐以及吃早餐的时间。早餐质量通过计算早餐质量得分（BQS）来评估。抑郁症状采用患者健康问卷（PHQ - 9）进行诊断。采用二元逻辑回归来探讨这些关联。
与未报告吃早餐的参与者相比，在一次回忆中报告吃早餐以及两次回忆中都报告吃早餐的参与者出现抑郁症状的比值比分别为0.737（0.591，0.919）和0.766（0.624，0.939）。与BQS T亚组的参与者相比，T亚组和T亚组的参与者出现抑郁症状的比值比分别为0.895（0.723，1.108）和0.716（0.564，0.908）（趋势P值 = 0.013）。与上午8:00之前吃早餐的参与者相比，上午8:00 - 9:00吃早餐的参与者出现抑郁症状的比值比为1.104（95%置信区间：0.888，1.371），上午9:00之后吃早餐的参与者为1.278（95%置信区间：1.030，1.587）。
不吃早餐、早餐质量低和早餐时间晚均与抑郁症状独立相关。
