Liu Zhiwen, Cai Shaoming, Chen Yuzhen, Peng Zijing, Jian Huanling, Zhang Zhihai, Huang Hongxing
The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jan 10;11:1467559. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1467559. eCollection 2024.
Recent research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in bone metabolism through their influence on bone mineral density (BMD) and the regulation of bone turnover markers. However, epidemiological evidence linking omega-3 intake to the risk of developing osteoporosis is still emerging and remains inconclusive. This study aims to clarify the role of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of osteoporosis.
We analyzed data from 8,889 participants categorized into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on their BMD scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Dietary omega-3 intake was quantified and divided into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and osteoporosis. The dose-response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS).
Higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids was inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Participants in the highest quartile of omega-3 intake had a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.93) compared to those in the lowest quartile, with a consistent trend across all adjusted models ( for trend <0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in individuals under 60 years of age, female and non-smokers. In individuals aged under 60, higher omega-3 intake was associated with significantly reduced osteoporosis risk (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.26-0.95), females showed a protective effect of high omega-3 intake against osteoporosis (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87). Among non-smokers, higher omega-3 intake was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.90), whereas in smokers, the association was not evident (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.55-1.52). No significant associations were found in older participants or smokers. Intake of omega-3 and osteoporosis were linearly related ( for nonlinear = 0.366).
This study demonstrates a significant inverse relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and osteoporosis risk, suggesting omega-3 s play a crucial role in bone health. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine dietary recommendations for osteoporosis prevention.
近期研究表明，ω-3脂肪酸可能通过影响骨矿物质密度（BMD）和调节骨转换标志物在骨代谢中发挥作用。然而，将ω-3摄入量与患骨质疏松症风险联系起来的流行病学证据仍在不断涌现，且尚无定论。本研究旨在阐明膳食ω-3脂肪酸在预防骨质疏松症中的作用。
我们分析了来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的8889名参与者的数据，这些参与者根据其BMD评分被分为正常、骨量减少和骨质疏松组。我们通过两次24小时膳食回顾访谈来测量膳食ω-3摄入量。对膳食ω-3摄入量进行量化并分为四分位数。采用多因素逻辑回归和亚组分析来探讨膳食ω-3摄入量与骨质疏松症之间的相关性。使用受限立方样条（RCS）分析两者之间的剂量反应关系。
较高的膳食ω-3脂肪酸摄入量与骨质疏松症风险呈负相关。ω-3摄入量最高四分位数的参与者与最低四分位数的参与者相比，风险显著降低（OR = 0.71，95%CI：0.53 - 0.93），在所有调整模型中均呈现一致趋势（趋势P<0.05）。亚组分析表明，在60岁以下个体、女性和非吸烟者中关联更强。在60岁以下个体中，较高的ω-3摄入量与骨质疏松症风险显著降低相关（OR = 0.51，95%CI：0.26 - 0.95），女性中高ω-3摄入量对骨质疏松症有保护作用（OR = 0.65，95%CI：0.49 - 0.87）。在非吸烟者中，较高的ω-3摄入量与较低的骨质疏松症风险相关（OR = 0.64，95%CI：0.45 - 0.90），而在吸烟者中，这种关联不明显（OR = 0.91，95%CI：0.55 - 1.52）。在老年参与者或吸烟者中未发现显著关联。ω-3摄入量与骨质疏松症呈线性相关（非线性P = 0.366）。
本研究表明膳食ω-3脂肪酸摄入量与骨质疏松症风险之间存在显著的负相关关系，提示ω-3在骨骼健康中起关键作用。然而，需要进一步的纵向研究来证实这些发现并完善预防骨质疏松症的膳食建议。
