Checa-Caratachea Ximena Alejandra, González-Aragón Pineda Álvaro Edgar, Valera-Mota Myrna Miriam, Bautista-Delgado Aarón, Moreno-Altamirano Gloria Alejandra, Cruz-Hervert Luis Pablo
Master and Doctoral Program in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, MEX.
Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, MEX.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 26;16(12):e76439. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76439. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Introduction Dry eye and hyposalivation, often linked to Sjögren's syndrome (SS), are prevalent among adults. However, systemic diseases and their associated medications also play a role, as drug interactions can intensify the effects of certain medications. Objective To assess whether polypharmacy is associated with the co-occurrence of aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE) and hyposalivation in adults aged 50 years and older without SS. Methods In a convenience sample of 455 adults who attended an optometry clinic, a medical history questionnaire was completed, and tear (Schirmer I) and salivary production (cotton weight test) were evaluated. To investigate the links between dry eye (due to aqueous deficiency and hyposalivation) and various factors (polypharmacy, chronic diseases, age, sex, education, marital status, employment, illicit drug, alcohol, and tobacco use), logistic regression modeling was employed. Then, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Results A simultaneous prevalence of ADDE and hyposalivation of 16.7% (n = 76) (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 13.5%-20.4%) and a prevalence of polypharmacy of 23.1% (n = 105) (95% CI 19.4%-27.1%) were found. Subjects with polypharmacy had an 88.0% higher probability of developing ADDE and hyposalivation (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.07-3.29; p = 0.026). Conclusions Polypharmacy increases the likelihood of both ADDE and hyposalivation in individuals without SS. It is important to provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary care to adults, to detect these diseases in time, and to maintain strict control of the medications they need.
引言 干眼和唾液分泌减少通常与干燥综合征（SS）相关，在成年人中很常见。然而，全身性疾病及其相关药物也会产生影响，因为药物相互作用会增强某些药物的作用。目的 评估在50岁及以上无干燥综合征的成年人中，多种药物联合使用是否与水液缺乏性干眼（ADDE）和唾液分泌减少同时出现有关。方法 在一个便利样本中，455名到验光诊所就诊的成年人完成了一份病史问卷，并评估了泪液（Schirmer I试验）和唾液分泌（棉絮重量试验）。为了研究干眼（由于水液缺乏和唾液分泌减少）与各种因素（多种药物联合使用、慢性病、年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况、就业情况、非法药物使用、酒精和烟草使用）之间的联系，采用了逻辑回归模型。然后，获得了比值比和95%置信区间。结果 发现ADDE和唾液分泌减少同时出现的患病率为16.7%（n = 76）（95%置信区间（95%CI）13.5%-20.4%），多种药物联合使用的患病率为23.1%（n = 105）（95%CI 19.4%-27.1%）。使用多种药物的受试者发生ADDE和唾液分泌减少的可能性高88.0%（比值比 = 1.88，95%CI 1.07-3.29；p = 0.026）。结论 在无干燥综合征的个体中，多种药物联合使用会增加ADDE和唾液分泌减少的可能性。为成年人提供全面的多学科护理、及时发现这些疾病并严格控制他们所需的药物非常重要。
