Animasaun Olawale Sunday, Shaibu Joseph Ojonugwa, Akomolafe Busayo Kayode, Animasaun Olamide Priscilla, Niyang Piring'ar Mercy, Olugbade Olukemi Titilope, Akinyode Akinfemi Oyewumi, Omisakin Ibukun Akinsola, Adeogun Adedapo Olufemi, Audu Rosemary Ajuma
Medical Virology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University and Primary Health Care Board, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
One Health Outlook. 2025 Jan 29;7(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s42522-024-00121-9.
Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. Adopting a one-health approach is crucial to understanding the dynamics of DF transmission.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023 in 10 high-risk LGAs of Oyo State. It involved screening DENV in 289 febrile human blood samples and 1,015 Aedes species mosquitoes. Viral RNA from human and mosquito specimens was extracted and analyzed using RT-qPCR. A one-step lateral flow immunoassay cassette test kit detected DENV-specific IgM and IgG in humans. DENV IgM-positive participants were screened for Lassa Virus (LASV) to rule out coinfection due to an outbreak of Lassa fever. Mosquitoes recovered were morphologically identified and classified using appropriate taxonomical keys. Meteorological data was obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency. Data was abridged as proportions and correlation analysis was performed.
The overall seroprevalence of DENV was 128/289 (44.2%) with 19/289 (6.6%) and 109/289 (37.7%) being IgM and IgG positive respectively. DENV was detected all year round with more cases in the rainy season. LASV and DENV coinfection were detected in a participant. DENV RT-qPCR analysis in febrile patients and mosquitoes was negative. There was a high abundance of Aedes aegypti (79.5%) in all the locations surveyed with Aedes albopictus (12.3%) detected in Ido LGA and Ibadan South-East LGA and Aedes simpsoni (9.1%) in Iwajowa LGA. DF shows moderate to strong positive correlations with Aedes mosquito population, humidity, and rainfall (r = 0.419-0.61, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with temperature (r =-0.465, p < 0.05).
The study reveals a significant burden of DENV in Oyo State. The presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies suggests past exposure and possible recent circulation of the virus. The co-detection of LASV and DENV in one participant highlights the likely potential for co-infection. Although DENV was not detected in febrile patients and mosquitoes through RT-qPCR, the high abundance of Aedes species underscores the risk of transmission. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance systems, strengthened laboratory services, targeted vector control, and increased awareness.
登革热对全球构成的威胁日益严重，因此需要采取全面的“同一健康”方法来应对其在人类、动物和环境因素之间的复杂相互作用。在尼日利亚奥约州，由于诊断不足和误诊为疟疾，加上就医行为不佳、监测系统薄弱和卫生基础设施不足，登革热的实际负担仍然未知。采用“同一健康”方法对于了解登革热传播动态至关重要。
2022年1月至2023年4月在奥约州10个高风险地方政府辖区开展了一项横断面研究。该研究包括对289份发热患者血液样本和1015只伊蚊属蚊子进行登革病毒筛查。从人类和蚊子标本中提取病毒RNA，并使用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）进行分析。使用一步侧向流动免疫分析试剂盒检测人类中的登革病毒特异性IgM和IgG。对登革病毒IgM阳性参与者进行拉沙病毒（LASV）筛查，以排除因拉沙热爆发导致的合并感染。对捕获的蚊子进行形态学鉴定，并使用适当的分类学关键进行分类。气象数据来自尼日利亚气象局。数据简化为比例形式并进行相关分析。
登革病毒的总体血清阳性率为128/289（44.2%），其中IgM阳性19/289（6.6%），IgG阳性109/289（37.7%）。登革病毒全年均有检出，雨季病例较多。在一名参与者中检测到拉沙病毒和登革病毒合并感染。发热患者和蚊子的登革病毒RT-qPCR分析均为阴性。在所有调查地点，埃及伊蚊的丰度都很高（79.5%），在伊多地方政府辖区和伊巴丹东南部地方政府辖区检测到白纹伊蚊（12.3%），在伊瓦乔瓦地方政府辖区检测到辛普森伊蚊（9.1%）。登革热与伊蚊种群、湿度和降雨量呈中度至强正相关（r = 0.419 - 0.61，p < 0.05），与温度呈负相关（r = -0.465，p < 0.05）。
该研究揭示了奥约州登革病毒的重大负担。IgM和IgG抗体的存在表明过去曾接触过该病毒，且病毒近期可能仍在传播。在一名参与者中同时检测到拉沙病毒和登革病毒，凸显了合并感染的潜在可能性。尽管通过RT-qPCR在发热患者和蚊子中未检测到登革病毒，但伊蚊种类的高丰度突出了传播风险。这些发现强调了加强监测系统、强化实验室服务、有针对性的病媒控制以及提高认识的必要性。
