Zhao Qirui, Li Shan, Krall Leonard, Li Qianyu, Sun Rongyuan, Yin Yuqi, Fu Jingyi, Zhang Xu, Wang Yonghua, Yang Mei
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 14;12:1507460. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1507460. eCollection 2024.
Single-cell protein analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding cellular heterogeneity and deciphering the complex mechanisms governing cellular function and fate. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the latest methodologies, including sophisticated cell isolation techniques (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS), Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM), manual cell picking, and microfluidics) and advanced approaches for protein profiling and protein-protein interaction analysis. The unique strengths, limitations, and opportunities of each method are discussed, along with their contributions to unraveling gene regulatory networks, cellular states, and disease mechanisms. The importance of data analysis and computational methods in extracting meaningful biological insights from the complex data generated by these technologies is also highlighted. By discussing recent progress, technological innovations, and potential future directions, this review emphasizes the critical role of single-cell protein analysis in advancing life science research and its promising applications in precision medicine, biomarker discovery, and targeted therapeutics. Deciphering cellular complexity at the single-cell level holds immense potential for transforming our understanding of biological processes and ultimately improving human health.
单细胞蛋白质分析已成为理解细胞异质性以及破译控制细胞功能和命运的复杂机制的有力工具。本综述全面考察了最新方法，包括精密的细胞分离技术（荧光激活细胞分选（FACS）、磁激活细胞分选（MACS）、激光捕获显微切割（LCM）、手动细胞挑选和微流控技术）以及蛋白质谱分析和蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用分析的先进方法。讨论了每种方法的独特优势、局限性和机遇，以及它们在揭示基因调控网络、细胞状态和疾病机制方面的贡献。还强调了数据分析和计算方法在从这些技术产生的复杂数据中提取有意义的生物学见解方面的重要性。通过讨论近期进展、技术创新和潜在的未来方向，本综述强调了单细胞蛋白质分析在推进生命科学研究中的关键作用及其在精准医学、生物标志物发现和靶向治疗中的应用前景。在单细胞水平上破译细胞复杂性对于转变我们对生物过程的理解并最终改善人类健康具有巨大潜力。
