Zhang Xinming, Lin Jing, Huang Peng
Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2025 Feb 20;61(17):3447-3460. doi: 10.1039/d4cc04532g.
The introduction of fluorescence imaging (FLI) in near-infrared II sub-channels (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) has revolutionized the ability to explore complex patho-physiological settings . Despite the transformative potentials, the development of organic NIR IIb dyes encounters considerable difficulties, and only a limited number of such fluorophores have been developed so far. This review systematically introduces design strategies of organic NIR-IIb fluorophores classified by molecular scaffolds, mainly including cyanine dyes and D-A-D small molecule dyes. The design strategies of cyanine dyes involve repurposing of the existing NIR dyes, conjugate reinforcement and regulation of the aggregation state. For D-A-D small molecule dyes, strategies mainly incorporate the extension of the conjugate skeleton, introduction of shielding units, and acceptor/donor engineering. We further describe recent biomedical applications including biomedical imaging and imaging-guided therapy, and conclude by clarifying the current challenges and prospects of NIR-IIb FLI.
近红外II子通道（NIR-IIb，1500 - 1700纳米）荧光成像（FLI）的引入彻底改变了探索复杂病理生理环境的能力。尽管具有变革潜力，但有机NIR IIb染料的开发仍面临诸多困难，迄今为止仅开发出有限数量的此类荧光团。本综述系统介绍了按分子骨架分类的有机NIR-IIb荧光团的设计策略，主要包括菁染料和D-A-D小分子染料。菁染料的设计策略包括现有近红外染料的重新利用、共轭增强和聚集态调控。对于D-A-D小分子染料，策略主要包括共轭骨架的延伸、屏蔽单元的引入以及受体/供体工程。我们进一步描述了近期的生物医学应用，包括生物医学成像和成像引导治疗，并通过阐明NIR-IIb FLI当前的挑战和前景进行总结。
