Mohany Mohamed, Aslam Jawad, Ali Muhammad Adnan, Khattak Baharullah, Fozia Fozia, Ahmad Ijaz, Khan Muhammad Daud, Al-Rejaie Salim S, Ziaullah Ziaullah, Milošević Marija
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP 26000, Pakistan.
J Water Health. 2025 Jan;23(1):26-42. doi: 10.2166/wh.2024.268. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
Extended spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, including and , pose a serious risk to human health because of antibiotic resistance. Wastewater serves as a reservoir for these bacteria, contributing to the evolution and transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains. The research aims to identify ESBL bacterium in wastewater samples from District Kohat. and were confirmed as ESBL-producing bacteria through a comprehensive array of diagnostic procedures, including Gram staining, biochemical analyses, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Fecal coliform count (FCC) analyses revealed varying microorganism levels. Both and isolates showed ESBL enzyme expression, indicating antibiotic resistance. Resistance patterns included ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for both species. displayed higher sensitivity for chloramphenicol, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin. Ceftazidime minimum inhibitory concentration results showed 's higher resistance. The study accentuates the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains, emphasizing the value of effective wastewater treatment. The study provides crucial insights into microbial characteristics, fecal contamination, ESBL production, and antibiotic resistance in and isolates, advocating for monitoring and mitigation strategies.
产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的肠杆菌科细菌，包括[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]，由于抗生素耐药性，对人类健康构成严重风险。废水是这些细菌的储存库，有助于抗生素耐药菌株的进化和传播。该研究旨在鉴定来自科哈特地区废水样本中的ESBL细菌。通过一系列综合诊断程序，包括革兰氏染色、生化分析和抗生素敏感性测试，[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]被确认为产ESBL细菌。粪大肠菌群计数（FCC）分析揭示了不同的微生物水平。[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]分离株均显示出ESBL酶表达，表明存在抗生素耐药性。两种细菌的耐药模式包括对环丙沙星、氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁和阿莫西林-克拉维酸耐药。[具体细菌名称1]对氯霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑和庆大霉素表现出更高的敏感性。头孢他啶最低抑菌浓度结果显示[具体细菌名称2]的耐药性更高。该研究强调了抗生素耐药菌株的存在，强调了有效废水处理的价值。该研究提供了关于[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]分离株的微生物特征、粪便污染、ESBL产生和抗生素耐药性的关键见解，倡导监测和缓解策略。
