Kasi Shaira R, Roffel Sanne, Özcan Mutlu, Gibbs Susan, Feilzer Albert J
Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Oral Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 30;20(1):e0318565. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318565. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity (irritant potency) of toothpaste ingredients, of which some had known to have sensitizing properties.
From the wide variety of toothpaste ingredients, Xylitol, Propylene glycol (PEG), Sodium metaphosphate (SMP), Lemon, Peppermint, Fluoride, Cinnamon, and Triclosan and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) have been selected for evaluation of their cytotoxic properties.
Reconstructed human gingiva (RHG) were topically exposed to toothpaste ingredients at different concentrations. The compound concentration resulting in 50% cell death (EC50) and 10% cell death (EC10) was determined by the MTT assay. Detrimental effects in tissue histology were observed by hematoxylin & eosin staining of tissue sections followed by microscopy.
While Xylitol, PEG, and SMP did not appear to affect cell viability or tissue histology, the concentrations of Lemon, Peppermint, Cinnamon and SDS present in toothpastes exceeded the EC50 value and resulted in clear detrimental effects in tissue histology, indicating that they could harm the oral mucosa. Triclosan and Fluoride concentrations in the tested toothpastes exceeded the EC10 value but remained below the EC50 value with no clear detrimental effects in tissue histology.
Manufacturers are encouraged to comply with higher standards of quality and safety for toothpaste.
本研究旨在确定牙膏成分的细胞毒性（刺激强度），其中一些成分已知具有致敏特性。
从种类繁多的牙膏成分中，选择了木糖醇、丙二醇（PEG）、偏磷酸钠（SMP）、柠檬、薄荷、氟化物、肉桂、三氯生和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）来评估它们的细胞毒性。
将重建的人牙龈（RHG）局部暴露于不同浓度的牙膏成分中。通过MTT法测定导致50%细胞死亡（EC50）和10%细胞死亡（EC10）的化合物浓度。通过对组织切片进行苏木精和伊红染色，然后进行显微镜观察，来观察组织学中的有害影响。
虽然木糖醇、PEG和SMP似乎不影响细胞活力或组织学，但牙膏中柠檬、薄荷、肉桂和SDS的浓度超过了EC50值，并在组织学上产生了明显的有害影响，表明它们可能会损害口腔黏膜。测试牙膏中的三氯生和氟化物浓度超过了EC10值，但仍低于EC50值，在组织学上没有明显的有害影响。
鼓励制造商遵守更高的牙膏质量和安全标准。
