Gao Junling, Dong Jianan, Sun Zhe, Wang Tao, Guan Yanling, Sun Yue, Qin Guixin, Zhang Xuefeng, Zhen Yuguo
College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education Jilin Agricultural University Changchun China.
Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd Changchun China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Jun 12;11(9):5248-5257. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3483. eCollection 2023 Sep.
This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and tributyrin (TB) on dairy calves in terms of growth performance, immunity, oxidative stress, and intestinal microflora. A total of 40 female calves were divided into four treatment groups ( = 10): basal diet +0.015% essential oil, basal diet +0.03% AMP, basal diet +0.15% TB, and basal diet +0.03% AMP + 0.15% TB. AMP and TB supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning weight, while reducing diarrhea occurrence. Additionally, AMP and TB supplementation reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. However, the combined use of AMP and TB did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake, ADG, weaning weight, or diarrhea incidence but decreased ROS levels, while increasing SOD levels as well as MDA and IgM levels. Moreover, AMP and TG supplementation increased the relative abundance of several beneficial fiber- and mucin-degrading bacteria in the gut, in contrast to combined AMP and TB supplementation. The 16S rRNA results showed that AMP supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of , and ( < .01), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of and ( < .01). The TB supplementation significantly increased the abundances of and ( < .01), and significantly decreased the relative abundances of , and ( < .01). The combined use of AMP and TB significantly increased the relative abundance of and ( < .01), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of , and ( < .01). In summary, diets supplemented with either AMP or TB improved the intestinal microflora, growth performance, and health of weaned calves, but combined use was detrimental to calf performance.
本研究从生长性能、免疫力、氧化应激和肠道微生物群方面评估了抗菌肽（AMP）和甘油三丁酸酯（TB）对犊牛的影响。总共40头雌性犊牛被分为四个处理组（每组n = 10）：基础日粮+0.015%精油、基础日粮+0.03% AMP、基础日粮+0.15% TB以及基础日粮+0.03% AMP + 0.15% TB。补充AMP和TB可提高平均日增重（ADG）和断奶体重，同时减少腹泻的发生。此外，补充AMP和TB可降低活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）水平，同时提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平和血清免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平。然而，AMP和TB联合使用对平均日采食量、ADG、断奶体重或腹泻发生率没有显著影响，但降低了ROS水平，同时提高了SOD水平以及MDA和IgM水平。此外，与AMP和TB联合补充相比，补充AMP和TG可提高肠道中几种有益的纤维和粘蛋白降解细菌的相对丰度。16S rRNA结果显示，补充AMP显著提高了[具体菌属1]、[具体菌属2]和[具体菌属3]的相对丰度（P < 0.01），并显著降低了[具体菌属4]和[具体菌属5]的相对丰度（P < 0.01）。补充TB显著提高了[具体菌属6]和[具体菌属7]的丰度（P < 0.01），并显著降低了[具体菌属8]、[具体菌属9]和[具体菌属10]的相对丰度（P < 0.01）。AMP和TB联合使用显著提高了[具体菌属11]和[具体菌属12]的相对丰度（P < 0.01），并显著降低了[具体菌属13]、[具体菌属14]和[具体菌属15]的相对丰度（P < 0.01）。总之，补充AMP或TB的日粮改善了断奶犊牛的肠道微生物群、生长性能和健康状况，但联合使用对犊牛性能有害。
