Willems Mark Et, Blacker Sam D, Montanari Stefano, Cook Matthew D
Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Dec 10;9(1):104523. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104523. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Athletes and physically active individuals consume sport nutrition supplements to enhance competitive sport performance and exercise recovery. Polyphenols have emerged as a promising area of research with application for sport and exercise nutrition owing to affecting physiologic mechanisms for exercise performance and recovery. The anthocyanin is a polyphenol that can be abundantly present in dark-colored fruits, berries, and vegetables. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-induced metabolites will provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The focus of this narrative review was on the observations with intake of anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant supplements on whole-body exercise performance and exercise recovery. This review included 17 studies with a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design (10 studies on performance and 8 on recovery effects) and 1 with a randomized placebo-controlled parallel group design (recovery effects). Among the performance studies, 6 studies (60%) reported positive effects, 3 studies (30%) reported no significant effects, and 1 study (10%) reported a mixed outcome. Among the recovery studies, 7 studies (78%) reported positive effects, 1 study (11%) reported no significant effects, and 1 study (11%) reported a negative effect. Studies with intake of supplements made from New Zealand blackcurrants (dose: 1.8-3.2 mg/kg and 105-315 mg anthocyanins, acute to 7-d intake) provided meaningful (but not always consistent) effects on continuous and intermittent exercise performance tasks (i.e. rowing, cycling, and running) and markers for exercise recovery. A mechanistic understanding for the beneficial exercise effects of anthocyanins for athletes and physically active individuals is still limited. Future work requires a better understanding of the specific types of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-induced metabolites and their effects on altering cell function that can enhance exercise performance and recovery.
运动员和体育活跃人士会食用运动营养补充剂来提高竞技运动表现和促进运动恢复。由于多酚会影响运动表现和恢复的生理机制，因此已成为运动和运动营养领域一个很有前景的研究方向。花青素是一种多酚，大量存在于深色水果、浆果和蔬菜中。花青素及其诱导产生的代谢产物具有抗氧化和抗炎作用。本叙述性综述的重点是摄入富含花青素的黑加仑补充剂对全身运动表现和运动恢复的影响。该综述纳入了17项采用随机安慰剂对照交叉设计的研究（10项关于运动表现，8项关于恢复效果）以及1项采用随机安慰剂对照平行组设计的研究（恢复效果）。在运动表现研究中，6项研究（60%）报告了积极效果，3项研究（30%）报告无显著效果，1项研究（10%）报告结果不一。在恢复研究中，7项研究（78%）报告了积极效果，1项研究（11%）报告无显著效果，1项研究（11%）报告了消极效果。摄入新西兰黑加仑制成的补充剂（剂量：1.8 - 3.2毫克/千克，花青素含量105 - 315毫克，急性至7天摄入量）的研究对持续和间歇运动表现任务（即划船、骑自行车和跑步）以及运动恢复指标产生了有意义（但并非总是一致）的影响。对于花青素对运动员和体育活跃人士有益运动效果的机制理解仍然有限。未来的工作需要更好地了解花青素及其诱导产生的代谢产物的具体类型，以及它们对改变细胞功能从而增强运动表现和恢复的影响。
