Abdullah Layla S, Alahmadi Badraa, Abonab Reema, Baeisa Salma, Alahmadi Bodoor
Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2025 Jan 29;17(1):e78200. doi: 10.7759/cureus.78200. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Background Ovarian cancer is a prevalent gynecological cancer in women and one of the most common cancers globally. Factors such as the use of oral contraceptives, multiparity, and breastfeeding offer protection, while obesity, nulliparity, smoking, and genetic changes increase the risk. Ovarian cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages, typically becomes symptomatic in advanced stages, and can be divided into various histologic subtypes. This study aimed to determine the incidence of epithelial ovarian tumors according to their type and clinical presentation. Aim The study was conducted to determine the incidence of epithelial ovarian tumors according to their type and clinical presentation among women in a tertiary care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This is important because very few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia regarding the incidence of surface epithelial ovarian tumors. Methodology This retrospective cohort study utilized histopathological analysis to categorize ovarian neoplasms. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, histopathological findings, and clinical features were collected and analyzed from the tertiary care center to understand the distribution of surface epithelial ovarian tumors. The data were cleaned in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, US) and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29.0.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, US). Results Our comprehensive study examined 252 women with ovarian tumors, revealing a predominant age group of 41-50 years (n=63, 25.0%), with the majority being married (n=193, 76.6%). Benign tumors were the most common (n=139, 55.2%), followed by malignant (n=87, 34.5%) and borderline (n=25, 9.9 %) tumors. The initial symptoms frequently included abdominal pain (n=105, 41.7%) and abdominal masses (n=65, 25.8%). Most tumors were primary (n=110, 43.7%). Protective factors such as breastfeeding/parity were significant (n=99, 39.3%), while nulliparity was a notable risk factor (n=31, 12.3%). The most elevated tumor marker was cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) (n=93, 36.9%). Treatment often involved total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) (n=92, 36.5%), with some requiring additional chemotherapy (n=36, 14.3%). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that surface epithelial tumors, particularly serous epithelial tumors, were the most common ovarian neoplasms, with abdominal pain being a frequent initial symptom. Effective management often included surgery and chemotherapy. Breastfeeding and parity were significant protective factors and CA-125 was a prevalent tumor marker.
卵巢癌是女性中常见的妇科癌症，也是全球最常见的癌症之一。口服避孕药的使用、多产和母乳喂养等因素具有保护作用，而肥胖、未生育、吸烟和基因改变会增加患病风险。卵巢癌在早期无症状，通常在晚期出现症状，并且可分为多种组织学亚型。本研究旨在根据上皮性卵巢肿瘤的类型和临床表现确定其发病率。
本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯吉达一家三级医疗中心女性中上皮性卵巢肿瘤根据其类型和临床表现的发病率。这很重要，因为沙特阿拉伯关于表面上皮性卵巢肿瘤发病率的研究非常少。
这项回顾性队列研究利用组织病理学分析对卵巢肿瘤进行分类。从三级医疗中心收集并分析社会人口统计学特征、组织病理学结果和临床特征的数据，以了解表面上皮性卵巢肿瘤的分布情况。数据在Microsoft Excel（美国微软公司，雷德蒙德）中进行清理，并使用IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0版（美国IBM公司，阿蒙克）进行分析。
我们的综合研究检查了252名患有卵巢肿瘤的女性，发现主要年龄组为41 - 50岁（n = 63，25.0%），大多数为已婚（n = 193，76.6%）。良性肿瘤最为常见（n = 139，55.2%），其次是恶性肿瘤（n = 87，34.5%）和交界性肿瘤（n = 25，9.9%）。初始症状经常包括腹痛（n = 105，41.7%）和腹部肿块（n = 65，25.8%）。大多数肿瘤为原发性（n = 110，43.7%）。母乳喂养/生育等保护因素具有显著意义（n = 99，39.3%），而未生育是一个显著的风险因素（n = 31，12.3%）。升高最明显的肿瘤标志物是癌抗原125（CA - 125）（n = 93，36.9%）。治疗通常包括全腹子宫切除术加双侧输卵管卵巢切除术（TAH - BSO）（n = 92，36.5%），一些患者需要额外的化疗（n = 36，14.3%）。
我们的研究表明，表面上皮肿瘤，尤其是浆液性上皮肿瘤，是最常见的卵巢肿瘤，腹痛是常见的初始症状。有效的治疗通常包括手术和化疗。母乳喂养和生育是显著的保护因素，CA - 125是一种常见的肿瘤标志物。
