Yousefvand Peyman, Sohrabi Yousef, Mastinu Andrea, Heidari Gholamreza, Weisany Weria
Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 27;11(2):e41550. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41550. eCollection 2025 Jan 30.
Water stress significantly limits the growth and productivity of crops, particularly medicinal plants in arid and semi-arid regions. This study explores the use of salicylic acid (SA) as a means to enhance shallot () resistance to water stress, as well as improve growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) under various irrigation levels. Conducted over three consecutive growing seasons in a field (2016-2019), The study was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Irrigation as the main factors included 100 % (full irrigation), 75 % and 50 % of plant water requirement and no irrigation (dryland) and SA foliar application as sub-factors including 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM in this study. After ensuring uniformity of variance of experimental errors for three years, composite analysis of data was performed for three years. The results of combined analysis of three-years data showed that water stress reduced several growth parameters, including plant height, leaf dimensions, bulb size, onion and grain weight, and yield. However, SA application notably mitigated these adverse effects. Specifically, applying 1 mM SA in dryland conditions, increased the pod diameter and 1000-seed weight by 10.17 % and 19.97 %, respectively. Also, in the condition of 50 % plant water requirement, 1 mM SA enhanced onion dry weight, daughter onion weight and plant height by 12.41 %, 21.68 % and 19.18 % respectively. Furthermore, shallot yield increased by 15.12 % in dryland and by 29.4 % under 50 % of the plant's water requirement with 1 mM SA. The WUE in the treatment of 50 % of the water requirement of the plant and the use of 1 mM SA increased by 19.1 % compared to the non-use. These findings suggest that applying 1 mM SA can be a viable strategy for improving the growth, yield, and water use efficiency of shallot plants under water-stressed environments.
水分胁迫显著限制了作物的生长和生产力，尤其是干旱和半干旱地区的药用植物。本研究探讨了使用水杨酸（SA）作为增强青葱（）对水分胁迫的抗性的一种手段，以及在不同灌溉水平下提高其生长、产量和水分利用效率（WUE）。该研究在田间连续三个生长季节（2016 - 2019年）进行，采用基于随机完全区组设计的裂区试验，重复四次。灌溉作为主要因素包括100%（充分灌溉）、75%和50%的植物需水量以及不灌溉（旱地），SA叶面喷施作为子因素，在本研究中包括0、0.5、0.75和1 mM。在确保三年实验误差方差齐性后，对三年数据进行了综合分析。三年数据的联合分析结果表明，水分胁迫降低了几个生长参数，包括株高、叶尺寸、鳞茎大小、葱头和籽粒重量以及产量。然而，SA的施用显著减轻了这些不利影响。具体而言，在旱地条件下施用1 mM SA，使豆荚直径和千粒重分别增加了10.17%和19.97%。此外，在50%植物需水量的条件下，1 mM SA使葱头干重、分蘖葱头重量和株高分别提高了12.41%、21.68%和19.18%。此外，在旱地条件下，使用1 mM SA使青葱产量提高了15.12%，在50%植物需水量条件下提高了29.4%。与不使用相比，在50%植物需水量处理中使用1 mM SA时，水分利用效率提高了19.1%。这些发现表明，施用1 mM SA可能是在水分胁迫环境下提高青葱植物生长、产量和水分利用效率的可行策略。
