Roshani-Sefidkouhi Mohammad, Mortezazadeh Fatemeh, Eslamifar Masoumeh, Babanezhad Esmaeil, Sheikhi Masoomeh, Gholami-Borujeni Fathollah
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Commitee, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2025 Jan 10;11(2):e41812. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41812. eCollection 2025 Jan 30.
One of the driest countries in the world, Iran has been facing several challenges related to water shortage, leading to serious social, economic, and environmental impacts. Given the escalating urbanization and industrial development within Iran, a comprehensive assessment of surface water quality utilizing both the US National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and the Iran Water Quality Index for surface water (IRWQI) is imperative. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Talar River in Mazandaran, Iran, in 2023, through the IRWQI and NSFWQI. This study was conducted in the Talar River, located in Mazandaran Province in Iran. Water samples from the Talar River were collected to assess 11 physicochemical parameters from 10 sampling Points. A total of 60 samples were collected monthly during winter and summer 2023. The IRWQI and NSFWQI were selected to assess the overall water quality of the Talar River. Nitrate (NO ) concentrations ranged from 29.32 to 85.89 mg/L across seasons, with average values falling within World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Phosphate (PO ) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels exceeded WHO limits on occasion, while turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC) consistently surpassed both WHO and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. pH and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels remained within acceptable ranges. IRWQI and NSFWQI indicated generally poor water quality across all sampling sites, with slight seasonal variations suggesting slightly better conditions in summer for IRWQI and winter for NSFWQI. This study indicates that NO and PO levels meet WHO limits, but COD, turbidity, and EC exceed the recommended threshold. The IRWQI and NSFWQI highlight poor conditions resulting from agricultural and industrial pollution. Urgent integrated management is essential to mitigate these impacts and safeguard river health in the face of environmental pressures.
伊朗是世界上最干旱的国家之一，一直面临着与水资源短缺相关的诸多挑战，这导致了严重的社会、经济和环境影响。鉴于伊朗国内城市化和工业发展不断加剧，利用美国国家卫生基金会水质指数（NSFWQI）和伊朗地表水水质指数（IRWQI）对地表水水质进行全面评估势在必行。本研究旨在通过IRWQI和NSFWQI评估2023年伊朗马赞德兰省塔拉尔河的水质。本研究在伊朗马赞德兰省的塔拉尔河开展。采集了塔拉尔河的水样，以评估来自10个采样点的11项理化参数。在2023年冬季和夏季每月共采集60个样本。选择IRWQI和NSFWQI来评估塔拉尔河的整体水质。硝酸盐（NO）浓度在各季节范围为29.32至85.89毫克/升，平均值在世界卫生组织（WHO）标准范围内。磷酸盐（PO）和化学需氧量（COD）水平偶尔超过WHO限值，而浊度和电导率（EC）一直超过WHO和美国环境保护局（EPA）的指导方针。pH值和生化需氧量（BOD）水平保持在可接受范围内。IRWQI和NSFWQI表明所有采样点的水质总体较差，季节性变化较小，表明IRWQI在夏季条件略好，NSFWQI在冬季条件略好。本研究表明，NO和PO水平符合WHO限值，但COD、浊度和EC超过了推荐阈值。IRWQI和NSFWQI凸显了农业和工业污染造成的恶劣状况。面对环境压力，迫切需要进行综合管理以减轻这些影响并保护河流健康。
