Schluep Sierra M, Chen Tse-Yu, Whitehead Shelley A, Buckner Eva A
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA.
Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2025 Mar 17;62(2):389-398. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaf013.
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) is the principal mosquito vector for many of the most medically significant arboviruses that threaten global public health. A better understanding of time-of-day variation in insecticide resistance mediated by detoxifying enzymes in Ae. aegypti could allow for targeted insecticide applications when susceptibility is highest and the upregulation of detoxification enzymes is lowest. Using a susceptible and metabolically resistant field Ae. aegypti strain from Florida, we investigated simulated photoperiodic changes in permethrin susceptibility and upregulation of detoxification enzymes by measuring permethrin LD50 and expression of detoxification genes (GSTE7, GSTE2, CCEae3A, CYP9J28, and CYPBB2) for both strains every 4 h over a 24 h (12:12 h light: dark) cycle. We found that in both Ae. aegypti strains, permethrin susceptibility was lower during the day as compared to evening, with susceptibility lowest at dusk (18:00) and highest between 02:00 and 14:00. Although no significant changes in gene expression over time were observed in the susceptible Ae. aegypti strain, we documented increased expression of all investigated detoxification genes in the metabolically resistant field Ae. aegypti strain during the night (18:00 to 02:00) as compared to the day (06:00 to 14:00). These data suggest that permethrin applications made between midnight and dawn (06:00) may be more effective against Ae. aegypti as compared to applications made at dusk (approximately 18:00).
埃及伊蚊（林奈）是许多对全球公共卫生构成重大医学威胁的虫媒病毒的主要蚊子传播媒介。更好地了解埃及伊蚊中解毒酶介导的杀虫剂抗性的昼夜变化，有助于在易感性最高且解毒酶上调最低时进行有针对性的杀虫剂应用。我们使用来自佛罗里达州的一个易感且具有代谢抗性的野外埃及伊蚊品系，通过在24小时（12:12小时光照：黑暗）周期内每4小时测量一次两种品系的氯菊酯半数致死剂量（LD50）以及解毒基因（GSTE7、GSTE2、CCEae3A、CYP9J28和CYPBB2）的表达，来研究模拟光周期变化对氯菊酯易感性和解毒酶上调的影响。我们发现，在两个埃及伊蚊品系中，与傍晚相比，白天氯菊酯的易感性较低，在黄昏（18:00）时易感性最低，在02:00至14:00之间最高。虽然在易感埃及伊蚊品系中未观察到基因表达随时间的显著变化，但我们记录到，与白天（06:00至14:00）相比，在具有代谢抗性的野外埃及伊蚊品系中，所有研究的解毒基因在夜间（18:00至02:00）的表达均增加。这些数据表明，与黄昏（约18:00）时施用相比，在午夜至黎明（06:00）之间施用氯菊酯可能对埃及伊蚊更有效。
