Physicochemical characterization and effects of monetite obtained from titania-reinforced eggshell on bone repair: a new possibility for tissue bioengineering?

OBJECTIVES

To carry out physicomechanical characterization of the HA/DCPA/TiO and to evaluate the tissue repair in rat calvaria.

METHODS

Two bone defects were made in the calvaria of 36 Wistar rats, divided into groups: HA/DCPA, HA/DCPA/TiO and sham (blood clot). The animals were euthanized at 30, 60 and 90 days and calvaria slides were processed with hematoxylin/eosin. The newly formed bone, connective tissue, biomaterial remnant, and total tissue repair percentages were calculated in relation to the total defect area. The HA/DCPA/TiO was characterized structurally by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemically by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was submitted to apparent density (AD), apparent porosity (AP), water absorption (WA) and compressive strength (CS) physical tests. The ANOVA test was applied, followed by Turkey's test and Student's t-test (p ≤ 0,05).

RESULTS

The SEM showed biomaterials inside the bone defects and newly formed bone. EDS identified oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, and titanium in the sample. The HA/DCPA/TiO and HA/DCPA groups presented a total tissue repair area that was larger than the sham group (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The physical-mechanical assays showed that HA/DCPA/TiO has AD and CS properties within the limits of trabecular bone and with values higher than HA/DCPA.HA/DCPA/TiO presented higher densification and compressive strength rates than HA/DCPA.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Potential as a scaffold for bone.