Podgórski Rafał, Wojasiński Michał, Małolepszy Artur, Jaroszewicz Jakub, Ciach Tomasz
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
ACS Omega. 2024 Jun 28;9(27):29186-29204. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09035. eCollection 2024 Jul 9.
3D printing is a promising technique for producing bone implants, but there is still a need to adjust efficiency, facilitate production, and improve biocompatibility. Porous materials have a proven positive effect on the regeneration of bone tissue, but their production is associated with numerous limitations. In this work, we described a simple method of producing polymer or polymer-ceramic filaments for 3D-printing scaffolds by adding micrometer-scale porous structures on scaffold surfaces. Scaffolds included polycaprolactone (PCL) as the primary polymer, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as the ceramic filler, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a porogen. The pressurized filament extrusion gave flexible filaments composed of PCL, β-TCP, and PEG, which are ready to use in fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers. Washing of 3D-printed scaffolds in ethanol solution removed PEG and revealed a microporous structure and ceramic particles on the scaffold's surfaces. Furthermore, 3D-printed materials exhibit good printing precision, no cytotoxic properties, and highly impact MG63 cell alignment. Although combining PCL, PEG, and β-TCP is quite popular, the presented method allows the production of porous scaffolds with a well-organized structure without advanced equipment, and the produced filaments can be used to 3D print scaffolds on a simple commercially available 3D printer.
3D打印是一种很有前景的骨植入物制造技术，但仍需要提高效率、简化生产流程并改善生物相容性。多孔材料对骨组织再生具有显著的积极作用，但其生产存在诸多限制。在本研究中，我们描述了一种简单的方法，通过在支架表面添加微米级多孔结构来生产用于3D打印支架的聚合物或聚合物-陶瓷细丝。支架材料包括作为主要聚合物的聚己内酯（PCL）、作为陶瓷填料的β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）以及作为致孔剂的聚乙二醇（PEG）。通过加压细丝挤出法得到了由PCL、β-TCP和PEG组成的柔性细丝，可直接用于熔融沉积成型（FFF）3D打印机。将3D打印的支架在乙醇溶液中清洗可去除PEG，从而在支架表面呈现出微孔结构和陶瓷颗粒。此外，3D打印材料具有良好的打印精度、无细胞毒性，并且对MG63细胞的排列具有显著影响。虽然PCL、PEG和β-TCP的组合较为常见，但本文所提出的方法无需先进设备即可生产出结构有序的多孔支架，并且所生产的细丝可用于在简单的商用3D打印机上3D打印支架。
