Callahan J A, Seward J B, Tajik A J
Mayo Clin Proc. 1985 May;60(5):344-7. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60541-2.
Symptomatic pericardial effusion has been recognized as a diagnostic and therapeutic problem for many centuries. Although surgical incision and blind needle puncture of the pericardium for removal of the fluid have been available for somewhat more than 150 years, both procedures are associated with serious complications. Echocardiography provides a unique means of diagnosing and managing pericardial effusion. The two-dimensional echocardiographic beam demonstrates the presence of the pericardial effusion and locates an ideal entry point and track for the needle used in pericardiocentesis. At our institution, echocardiography-directed pericardiocentesis has been the procedure of choice for cardiac tamponade for the past 4 years, during which time 132 consecutive pericardial taps have been performed. Our experience has shown that this is a safe, effective technique that can be used by a physician who is familiar with two-dimensional echocardiography. We recommend its wide acceptance and use.
几个世纪以来，有症状的心包积液一直被视为一个诊断和治疗难题。尽管心包切开术和盲目心包穿刺抽液术已有150多年的历史，但这两种方法都有严重并发症。超声心动图为心包积液的诊断和处理提供了一种独特的手段。二维超声心动图光束可显示心包积液的存在，并为心包穿刺所用的穿刺针确定理想的进针点和路径。在我们机构，过去4年里，超声心动图引导下心包穿刺术一直是治疗心脏压塞的首选方法，在此期间共连续进行了132次心包穿刺。我们的经验表明，这是一种安全有效的技术，熟悉二维超声心动图的医生都可以使用。我们建议广泛采用和应用该技术。
