Kwiecien Kinga, Santos-Merx Lourdes, Sahota Tarsem, Coulthard Helen, Da Boit Mariasole
Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
School of Health, Sport and Food, University College Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Nutr Bull. 2025 Jun;50(2):229-238. doi: 10.1111/nbu.12733. Epub 2025 Feb 5.
Expected satiety is a key element in predicting meal portion size and food consumption; however, how this can be affected by different breakfast portion sizes is unknown. The study examined the impact of different breakfast portions on satiety, portion size, and energy intake and comprised an online survey and an experimental intervention. Sixteen adults (9 women, BMI: 24.9 ± 4.3 kg/m) rated images of three portion sizes (small, standard, large) of the same breakfast using an ordinal scale. Subsequently, they were asked to self-prepare and consume ad libitum the three breakfast portions in a randomised order on different days and to complete a food diary. Satiety and portion size perception were re-measured upon consumption of each breakfast. For both the visual image and breakfast consumption, the small breakfast portion was rated as the smallest and least filling, while the large portion was rated as the largest and most filling (p < 0.05). When consuming the small breakfast, participants reported being hungrier and less full between breakfast and lunch (p < 0.05) and had a higher energy intake from lunch onward, due to more snacking (p < 0.05). However, the total daily energy intake was not different among the three breakfast portion sizes. Individuals seemed accustomed to predicting satiety and portion size from images. The consumption of the small breakfast was judged as not filling enough and was accompanied by a higher energy intake via energy-dense snacks. Based on these preliminary findings, breakfast size reduction may lead to unhealthy compensatory energy intake by snacking on energy-dense foods.
预期饱腹感是预测餐量大小和食物摄入量的关键因素；然而，不同早餐量如何影响饱腹感尚不清楚。该研究考察了不同早餐量对饱腹感、餐量大小和能量摄入的影响，包括一项在线调查和一项实验性干预。16名成年人（9名女性，体重指数：24.9±4.3kg/m²）使用顺序量表对同一份早餐的三种量（小、标准、大）的图片进行评分。随后，要求他们在不同的日子里随机自行准备并随意食用这三种早餐量，并完成一份食物日记。在食用每份早餐后重新测量饱腹感和餐量感知。对于视觉图片和早餐食用，小份早餐被评为最小且最不饱腹，而大份早餐被评为最大且最饱腹（p<0.05）。食用小份早餐时，参与者报告在早餐和午餐之间更饥饿、更不饱（p<0.05），并且从午餐开始能量摄入更高，因为吃了更多零食（p<0.05）。然而，三种早餐量的每日总能量摄入量并无差异。个体似乎习惯于根据图片预测饱腹感和餐量大小。小份早餐的食用被认为饱腹感不足，并伴有通过高能量零食摄入更高的能量。基于这些初步发现，减少早餐量可能会导致通过食用高能量食物进行不健康的补偿性能量摄入。
