Aouichi Laïyna Lilo, Pape Elise, Jouzeau Jean-Yves, Gibaja Valérie, Aubin-Beale Eyrian, Kolodziej Allan, Feliu Catherine, Marchand Elodie, Gambier Nicolas, Scala-Bertola Julien
CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
CNRS, IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Apr;39(2):e13060. doi: 10.1111/fcp.13060.
Ketamine is a psychoactive substance used for its stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. As the use of ketamine may lead to impaired driving, we aimed to assess the occurrence of ketamine in the driving population tested positive for narcotics in roadside checks using oral fluid analysis. Oral fluid concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were examined to determine the percentage of drivers susceptible to ketamine impairment.
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a 32-month period in 2020-2023 on drivers who tested positive to the DrugWipe®5S saliva test in our region of northeastern France. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the DrugWipe®5S result and to determine oral fluid concentrations of ketamine and norketamine.
During the entire study period, 3364 drivers were tested positive at the roadside using the DrugWipe®5S rapid test. After mass spectrometry, 3043 drivers were finally confirmed as true positives. Ketamine was detected in 88 drivers who were 80.7% male, 95.4% polydrug users and were 27.5 ± 7.1 years old, representing 2.6% of the total driver population. Ketamine concentrations were 821 ± 2264 and 7.8 ± 12.3 ng/mL in the presence and absence of norketamine, respectively. Finally, 26.1% of the ketamine-positive drivers had a ketamine oral fluid concentration potentially associated with impaired driving.
Ketamine and norketamine should be added to the list of drugs to be tested in oral fluid for driving under the influence of drugs. Besides blood or urine, oral fluid could be an interesting alternative biological matrix for addiction medicine.
氯胺酮是一种具有兴奋和致幻特性的精神活性物质。由于使用氯胺酮可能导致驾驶能力受损，我们旨在通过口腔液分析评估在路边检查中对麻醉药品检测呈阳性的驾驶人群中氯胺酮的出现情况。检测氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的口腔液浓度，以确定易受氯胺酮损害的驾驶员百分比。
2020年至2023年期间，对法国东北部我们所在地区DrugWipe®5S唾液检测呈阳性的驾驶员进行了为期32个月的回顾性描述性研究。采用质谱法确认DrugWipe®5S检测结果，并测定氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的口腔液浓度。
在整个研究期间，3364名驾驶员使用DrugWipe®5S快速检测在路边检测呈阳性。经过质谱分析，最终确认3043名驾驶员为真阳性。在88名驾驶员中检测到氯胺酮，这些驾驶员中80.7%为男性，95.4%为多药使用者，年龄为27.5±7.1岁，占驾驶员总数的2.6%。在有和没有去甲氯胺酮的情况下，氯胺酮浓度分别为821±2264和7.8±12.3 ng/mL。最后，26.1%的氯胺酮阳性驾驶员的氯胺酮口腔液浓度可能与驾驶能力受损有关。
氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮应添加到药物影响下驾驶时口腔液检测的药物清单中。除了血液或尿液外，口腔液可能是成瘾医学中一种有趣的替代生物基质。
